国际期刊JEL分类号19个分支都有哪些具体子类别?

凡是搞计量经济的，都关注这个号了

投稿：econometrics666@sina.cn

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JEL codes是经济论文中最为常见的学科主题归类，极大地提高了主题检索的方便度，因此需要圈友们熟悉这些具体归类。比如，你写的文章与国际经济学相关，然后你可以在这篇文章里搜索一下”international economics“来确定精确的主题。

从大体上，经济学可以划分为19个类别：

• JEL: A - General Economics and Teaching

• JEL: B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches

• JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods

• JEL: D - Microeconomics

• JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

• JEL: F - International Economics

• JEL: G - Financial Economics

• JEL: H - Public Economics

• JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare

• JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics

• JEL: K - Law and Economics

• JEL: L - Industrial Organization

• JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting

• JEL: N - Economic History

• JEL: O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

• JEL: P - Economic Systems

• JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

• JEL: R - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics

• JEL: Y - Miscellaneous Categories

• JEL: Z - Other Special Topics.

以下是上面19个大主题下面的细分主题

General economics and teaching JEL: A Subcategories

Category:General economics

JEL: A1 - General Economics

JEL: A10 - General

JEL: A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists

JEL: A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines

JEL: A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values

JEL: A14 - Sociology of Economics

JEL: A19 - Other

JEL: A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics

JEL: A20 - General

JEL: A21 - Pre-college

JEL: A22 - Undergraduate

JEL: A23 - Graduate

JEL: A29 - Other

JEL: A3 - Collective Works

JEL: A30 - General

JEL: A31 - Collected Writings of Individuals

JEL: A32 - Volumes

JEL: A33 - Handbooks

JEL: A39 - Other

History of economic thought, methodology, and heterodox approaches JEL: B Subcategories

Category:History of economic thought, methodology, and heterodox approaches

JEL: B0 - General

JEL: B00 - General

JEL: B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925

JEL: B10 - General

JEL: B11 - Preclassical

JEL: B12 - Classical

JEL: B13 - Neoclassical through 1925

JEL: B14 - Socialist; Marxist

JEL: B15 - Historical; Institutional

JEL: B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical

JEL: B19 - Other

JEL: B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925

JEL: B20 - General

JEL: B21 - Microeconomics

JEL: B22 - Macroeconomics

JEL: B23 - History of Economic Thought: Econometrics; Quantitative & Mathematical Studies

JEL: B24 - Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian

JEL: B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian

JEL: B29 - Other

JEL: B3 - History of Thought: Individuals

JEL: B30 - General

JEL: B31 - Individuals

JEL: B32 - Obituaries

JEL: B4 - Economic methodology

JEL: B40 - General

JEL: B41 - Economic methodology

JEL: B49 - Other

JEL: B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches

JEL: B50 - General

JEL: B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian

JEL: B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary

JEL: B53 - Austrian

JEL: B54 - Feminist Economics

JEL: B59 - Other

Mathematical and quantitative methods JEL: C Subcategories

Category:Mathematical and quantitative methods (economics)

JEL: C0 - General

JEL: C00 - General

JEL: C01 - Econometrics

JEL: C02 - Mathematical Methods

JEL: C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General

JEL: C10 - General

JEL: C11 - Bayesian analysis

JEL: C12 - Hypothesis testing

JEL: C13 - Estimation

JEL: C14 - Semiparametric and nonparametric methods

JEL: C15 - Statistical Simulation methods

JEL: C16 - Statistical distributions

JEL: C16 - Specific Distributions

JEL: C19 - Other

JEL: C2 - Econometric methods: Single equation models;Single variables

JEL: C20 - General

JEL: C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial models; Treatment effect models

JEL: C22 - Time-Series Models

JEL: C23 - Panel data

JEL: C34 - Truncated and censored models

JEL: C25 - Discrete regression; Qualitative choice models

JEL: C29 - Other

JEL: C3 - Econometric Methods: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models

JEL: C30 - General

JEL: C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment effect models

JEL: C32 - Time-Series Models

JEL: C33 - Models with Panel data

JEL: C34 - Truncated and censored models

JEL: C35 - Discrete regression and Qualitative choice models

JEL: C39 - Other

JEL: C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics

JEL: C40 - General

JEL: C41 - Duration analysis

JEL: C42 - Survey methods

JEL: C43 - Index numbers and Aggregation

JEL: C44 - Statistical decision theory; Operations research

JEL: C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics

JEL: C46 - Specific Distributions

JEL: C49 - Other

JEL: C5 - Econometric Modeling

JEL: C50 - General

JEL: C51 - Model construction and estimation

JEL: C52 - Model evaluation and testing

JEL: C53 - Forecasting and Other Model Applications

JEL: C59 - Other

JEL: C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling

JEL: C60 - General

JEL: C61 - Optimization techniques; Programming models; Dynamic analysis

JEL: C62 - Existence and stability conditions of equilibrium

JEL: C63 - Computational techniques; Simulation modeling

JEL: C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools

JEL: C67 - Input–output models

JEL: C68 - Computable General Equilibrium models

JEL: C69 - Other

JEL: C7 - Game theory and Bargaining theory

JEL: C70 - General

JEL: C71 - Cooperative games

JEL: C72 - Noncooperative games

JEL: C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic games; Evolutionary games; Repeated Games

JEL: C78 - Bargaining theory; Matching theory

JEL: C79 - Other

JEL: C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs

JEL: C80 - General

JEL: C81 - Methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing microeconomic data

JEL: C82 - Methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing macroeconomic data

JEL: C87 - Econometric software

JEL: C88 - Other Computer Software

JEL: C89 - Other

JEL: C9 - Design of experiments

JEL: C90 - General

JEL: C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior

JEL: C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior

JEL: C93 - Field experiments

JEL: C99 - Other

Microeconomics JEL: D Subcategories

Category:Microeconomics

JEL: D0 - General

JEL: D00 - General

JEL: D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles

JEL: D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations

JEL: D03 - Behavioral Economics; Underlying Principles

JEL: D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics

JEL: D10 - General

JEL: D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory

JEL: D12 - Consumer economics: empirical analysis

JEL: D13 - Household production and Intrahousehold allocation

JEL: D14 - Personal finance

JEL: D18 - Consumer protection

JEL: D19 - Other

JEL: D2 - Production and Organizations

JEL: D20 - General

JEL: D21 - Firm behavior

JEL: D23 - Organizational behavior; Transaction Costs; Property rights

JEL: D24 - Production; Capital and Total factor productivity; Capacity

JEL: D29 - Other

JEL: D3 - Distribution

JEL: D30 - General

JEL: D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions

JEL: D33 - Factor Income Distribution

JEL: D39 - Other

JEL: D4 - Market structure and pricing

JEL: D40 - General

JEL: D41 - Perfect competition

JEL: D42 - Monopoly

JEL: D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection

JEL: D44 - Auctions

JEL: D45 - Rationing; Licensing

JEL: D46 - Value Theory

JEL: D49 - Other

JEL: D5 - General equilibrium and Disequilibrium

JEL: D50 - General

JEL: D51 - Exchange and Production Economies

JEL: D52 - Incomplete Markets

JEL: D57 - Input–Output Tables and Analysis

JEL: D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models

JEL: D59 - Other

JEL: D6 - Welfare economics

JEL: D60 - General

JEL: D61 - Allocative efficiency; Cost-benefit analysis

JEL: D62 - Externalities

JEL: D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

JEL: D64 - Altruism

JEL: D69 - Other

JEL: D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

JEL: D70 - General

JEL: D71 - Social choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations

JEL: D72 - Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting

Behavior

JEL: D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption

JEL: D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances

JEL: D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation

JEL: D79 - Other

JEL: D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty

JEL: D80 - General

JEL: D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty

JEL: D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information

JEL: D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge

JEL: D84 - Expectations; Speculation

JEL: D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory

JEL: D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory

JEL: D87 - Neuroeconomics

JEL: D89 - Other

JEL: D9 - Intertemporal choice and Growth

JEL: D90 - General

JEL: D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life cycle models and Saving

JEL: D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing

JEL: D99 - Other

Macroeconomics and monetary economics JEL: E Subcategories

JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

Category:Macroeconomics and monetary economics

JEL: E0 - General

JEL: E00 - General

JEL: E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth

JEL: E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy

JEL: E1 - General Aggregative Models

JEL: E10 - General

JEL: E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary

JEL: E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian

JEL: E13 - Neoclassical

JEL: E17 - Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: E19 - Other

JEL: E2 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment

JEL: E20 - General

JEL: E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth

JEL: E22 - Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity

JEL: E23 - Production

JEL: E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate

Human Capital

JEL: E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution

JEL: E26 - Informal economy; Underground Economy

JEL: E27 - Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: E29 - Other

JEL: E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles

JEL: E30 - General

JEL: E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

JEL: E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles

JEL: E37 - Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: E39 - Other

JEL: E4 - Money and Interest Rates

JEL: E40 - General

JEL: E41 - Demand for Money

JEL: E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment

Systems

JEL: E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates

JEL: E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

JEL: E47 - Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: E49 - Other

JEL: E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

JEL: E50 - General

JEL: E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money multipliers

JEL: E52 - Monetary Policy

JEL: E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies

JEL: E59 - Other

JEL: E6 - Macroeconomic Policy Formation, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy,

and General Outlook

JEL: E60 - General

JEL: E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination

JEL: E62 - Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation

JEL: E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization

JEL: E64 - Incomes policy; Price policy

JEL: E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes

JEL: E66 - General Outlook and Conditions

JEL: E69 - Other

International economics JEL: F Subcategories

JEL: F - International Economics

Category:International economics

JEL: F0 - General

JEL: F00 - General

JEL: F01 - Global Outlook

JEL: F02 - International Economic Order; Noneconomic International Organizations •Economic

Integration and Globalization: General

JEL: F1 - Trade

JEL: F10 - General

JEL: F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade

JEL: F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies

JEL: F13 - Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations; International Organizations

JEL: F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade

JEL: F15 - Economic Integration

JEL: F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions

JEL: F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: F18 - Trade and Environment

JEL: F19 - Other

JEL: F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business

JEL: F20 - General

JEL: F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements

JEL: F22 - International Migration

JEL: F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business

JEL: F24 - Remittances

JEL: F29 - Other

JEL: F3 - International Finance

JEL: F30 - General

JEL: F31 - Foreign Exchange

JEL: F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements

JEL: F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions

JEL: F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems

JEL: F35 - Foreign aid

JEL: F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration

JEL: F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: F39 - Other

JEL: F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

JEL: F40 - General

JEL: F41 - Open economy macroeconomics

JEL: F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission

JEL: F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies

JEL: F47 - Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: F49 - Other

JEL: F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy

JEL: F50 - General

JEL: F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions

JEL: F52 - National Security; Economic Nationalism

JEL: F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations

JEL: F54 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism

JEL: F55 - International Institutional Arrangements

JEL: F59 - International Relations and International Political Economy: Other

inancial economics JEL: G Subcategories

JEL: G - Financial Economics

Category:Financial economics

JEL: G0 - General

JEL: G00 - General

JEL: G01 - Financial Crises

JEL: G1 - General Financial Markets

JEL: G10 - General

JEL: G11 - Portfolio choice; Investment decisions

JEL: G12 - Asset pricing; Trading volume; Bond interest rates

JEL: G13 - Contingent pricing; Futures Pricing

JEL: G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies

JEL: G15 - International financial markets

JEL: G17 - Financial Forecasting

JEL: G18 - Government Policy and Regulation

JEL: G19 - Other

JEL: G2 - Financial institutions and Services

JEL: G20 - General

JEL: G21 - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

JEL: G22 - Insurance; Insurance companies

JEL: G23 - Pension funds; Other Private Financial Institutions

JEL: G24 - Investment banking; Venture capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies

JEL: G28 - Government Policy and Regulation

JEL: G29 - Other

JEL: G3 - Corporate finance and Governance

JEL: G30 - General

JEL: G31 - Capital budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies

JEL: G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure

JEL: G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation

JEL: G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate governance

JEL: G35 - Payout Policy

JEL: G38 - Government Policy and Regulation

JEL: G39 - Other

Public economics JEL: H Subcategories

JEL: H - Public Economics

Category:Public economics

JEL: H0 - General

JEL: H00 - General

JEL: H1 - Structure and Scope of Government

JEL: H10 - General

JEL: H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government

JEL: H19 - Other

JEL: H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

JEL: H20 - General

JEL: H21 - Efficiency; Optimal taxation

JEL: H22 - Incidence

JEL: H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental taxes and Subsidies

JEL: H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies

JEL: H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies

JEL: H26 - Tax Evasion

JEL: H27 - Other Sources of Revenue

JEL: H29 - Other

JEL: H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

JEL: H30 - General

JEL: H31 - Household

JEL: H32 - Firm

JEL: H39 - Other

JEL: H4 - Publicly provided goods

JEL: H40 - General

JEL: H41 - Public goods

JEL: H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods

JEL: H43 - Project evaluation; Social discount rate

JEL: H49 - Other

JEL: H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies

JEL: H50 - General

JEL: H51 - Government Expenditures and Health

JEL: H52 - Government Expenditures and Education

JEL: H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs

JEL: H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock

JEL: H55 - Social security and Public Pensions

JEL: H56 - National Security and War

JEL: H57 - Procurement

JEL: H59 - Other

JEL: H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

JEL: H60 - General

JEL: H61 - Budget; Budget Systems

JEL: H62 - Deficit; Surplus

JEL: H63 - Debt; Debt Management

JEL: H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt

JEL: H69 - Other

JEL: H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations

JEL: H70 - General

JEL: H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

JEL: H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures

JEL: H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects

JEL: H74 - State and Local Borrowing

JEL: H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism

JEL: H79 - Other

JEL: H8 - Miscellaneous Issues

JEL: H80 - General

JEL: H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, Credits, and Grants

JEL: H82 - Governmental Property

JEL: H83 - Public administration

JEL: H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods

JEL: H89 - Other

Health, education, and welfare JEL: I Subcategories

JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare

Category:Health, education, and welfare economics

JEL: I0 - General

JEL: I00 - General

JEL: I1 - Health

JEL: I10 - General

JEL: I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets

JEL: I12 - Health Production: Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Substance abuse and Addiction,

Disability, and Economic Behavior

JEL: I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public health

JEL: I19 - Other

JEL: I2 - Education

JEL: I20 - General

JEL: I21 - Analysis of Education

JEL: I22 - Educational finance

JEL: I23 - Higher Education Research Institutions

JEL: I28 - Government Policy

JEL: I29 - Other

JEL: I3 - Welfare and Poverty

JEL: I30 - General

JEL: I31 - General Welfare; Basic needs; Living standards; Quality of life; Happiness

JEL: I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

JEL: I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

JEL: I39 - Other

Labor and demographic economics JEL: J Subcategories

JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics

Category:Labor and demographic economics

Category:Labor

Category:Demographic economics

JEL: J0 - General

JEL: J00 - General

JEL: J1 - Demographic Economics

JEL: J10 - General

JEL: J11 - Demographic Trends and Forecasts

JEL: J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure

JEL: J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

JEL: J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped

JEL: J15 - Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination

JEL: J16 - Economics of gender; Non-labor Discrimination

JEL: J17 - Value of life; Foregone Income

JEL: J18 - Public Policy

JEL: J19 - Other

JEL: J2 - Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination and Creation; Human capital

JEL: J20 - General

JEL: J21 - Labor force and Employment, Size, and Structure

JEL: J22 - Time allocation and Labor supply

JEL: J23 - Employment Determination; Job creation; Demand for labor; Self-employment

JEL: J24 - Human capital; Skills; Occupational choice; Labor productivity

JEL: J26 - Retirement; Retirement policies

JEL: J28 - Safety; Accidents; Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy

JEL: J29 - Other

JEL: J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

JEL: J30 - General

JEL: J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc.

JEL: J32 - Nonwage labor costs and Benefits; Private pensions

JEL: J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods

JEL: J38 - Public Policy

JEL: J39 - Other

JEL: J4 - Particular Labor Markets

JEL: J40 - General

JEL: J41 - Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching models, Efficiency wage Models, and Internal

labor markets

JEL: J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets

JEL: J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets

JEL: J44 - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations

JEL: J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets

JEL: J48 - Public Policy

JEL: J49 - Other

JEL: J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining

JEL: J50 - General

JEL: J51 - Trade unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects

JEL: J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective bargaining

JEL: J53 - Labor-management relations; Industrial Jurisprudence

JEL: J54 - Producer cooperatives; Labor managed firms

JEL: J58 - Public Policy

JEL: J59 - Other

JEL: J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies

JEL: J60 - General

JEL: J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

JEL: J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational mobility

JEL: J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs

JEL: J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search

JEL: J65 - Unemployment insurance; Severance pay; Plant closings

JEL: J68 - Public Policy

JEL: J69 - Other

JEL: J7 - Labor Discrimination

JEL: J70 - General

JEL: J71 - Discrimination

JEL: J78 - Public Policy

JEL: J79 - Other

JEL: J8 - Labor Standards: National and International

JEL: J80 - General

JEL: J81 - Working conditions

JEL: J82 - Labor Force Composition

JEL: J83 - Workers' Rights

JEL: J88 - Public Policy

JEL: J89 - Other

Law and economics JEL: K Subcategories

JEL: K - Law and Economics

Category:Law and economics

JEL: K0 - General

JEL: K00 - General

JEL: K1 - Basic Areas of Law

JEL: K10 - General

JEL: K11 - Property Law

JEL: K12 - Contract Law

JEL: K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability

JEL: K14 - Criminal Law

JEL: K19 - Other

JEL: K2 - Regulation and Business Law

JEL: K20 - General

JEL: K21 - Antitrust Law

JEL: K22 - Corporation and Securities Law

JEL: K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law

JEL: K29 - Other

JEL: K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law

JEL: K30 - General

JEL: K31 - Labor Law

JEL: K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law

JEL: K33 - International Law

JEL: K34 - Tax Law

JEL: K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law

JEL: K39 - Other

JEL: K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior

JEL: K40 - General

JEL: K41 - Litigation Process

JEL: K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law

JEL: K49 - Other

Industrial organization JEL: L Subcategories

Category:Industrial organization

JEL: L - Industrial Organization

JEL: L0 - General

JEL: L00 - General

JEL: L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

JEL: L10 - General

JEL: L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

JEL: L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies

JEL: L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

JEL: L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks

JEL: L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility

JEL: L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure;

Industrial Price Indices

JEL: L19 - Other

JEL: L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

JEL: L20 - General

JEL: L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm

JEL: L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical integration;

Conglomerates

JEL: L23 - Organization of Production

JEL: L24 - Contracting out; Joint ventures

JEL: L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Age, Profit, and Sales

JEL: L26 - Entrepreneurship

JEL: L29 - Other

JEL: L3 - Non-profit organizations and Public enterprise

JEL: L30 - General

JEL: L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs

JEL: L32 - Public enterprises

JEL: L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting out

JEL: L39 - Other

JEL: L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies

JEL: L40 - General

JEL: L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices

JEL: L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts

JEL: L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation

JEL: L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional

Organizations

JEL: L49 - Other

JEL: L5 - Regulation and Industrial policy

JEL: L50 - General

JEL: L51 - Economics of Regulation

JEL: L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods

JEL: L53 - Government Promotion of Firms

JEL: L59 - Other

JEL: L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing

JEL: L60 - General

JEL: L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics

JEL: L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment

JEL: L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment

JEL: L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments

JEL: L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology

JEL: L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco

JEL: L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather

JEL: L68 - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables

JEL: L69 - Other

JEL: L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction

JEL: L70 - General

JEL: L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels

JEL: L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources

JEL: L73 - Forest Products: Lumber and Paper

JEL: L74 - Construction

JEL: L78 - Government Policy

JEL: L79 - Other

JEL: L8 - Industry Studies: Services

JEL: L80 - General

JEL: L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; e-Commerce

JEL: L82 - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)

JEL: L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism

JEL: L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services

JEL: L85 - Real Estate Services

JEL: L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software

JEL: L87 - Postal and Delivery Services

JEL: L88 - Government Policy

JEL: L89 - Other

JEL: L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities

JEL: L90 - General

JEL: L91 - Transportation: General

JEL: L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers; Ports

JEL: L93 - Air Transportation

JEL: L94 - Electric Utilities

JEL: L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities

JEL: L96 - Telecommunications

JEL: L97 - Utilities: General

JEL: L98 - Government Policy

JEL: L99 - Other

Business administration and business economics; marketing; accounting JEL:M Subcategories

JEL: M - Business administration and business economics; marketing; accounting

JEL: M0 - General

JEL: M00 - General

JEL: M1 - Business Administration

JEL: M10 - General

JEL: M11 - Production Management

JEL: M12 - Personnel Management

JEL: M13 - New firms and Startup companies

JEL: M14 - Corporate culture; Social Responsibility

JEL: M15 - IT Management

JEL: M16 - International Business Administration

JEL: M19 - Other

JEL: M2 - Business Economics

JEL: M20 - General

JEL: M21 - Business economics

JEL: M29 - Other

JEL: M3 - Marketing and Advertising

JEL: M30 - General

JEL: M31 - Marketing

JEL: M37 - Advertising

JEL: M38 - Government Policy and Regulation

JEL: M39 - Other

JEL: M4 - Accounting and Auditing

JEL: M40 - General

JEL: M41 - Accounting scholarship

JEL: M42 - Auditing

JEL: M48 - Government Policy and Regulation

JEL: M49 - Other

JEL: M5 - Personnel economics

JEL: M50 - General

JEL: M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time, temporary

workers, seniority issues)

JEL: M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits,

incentives, family support programs, seniority issues)

JEL: M53 - Training

JEL: M54 - Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority,

job satisfaction)

JEL: M55 - Labor Contracting Devices: Outsourcing; Franchising; Other

JEL: M59 - Other

Economic history JEL: N Subcategories

JEL: N - Economic History

Category:Economic history

JEL: N0 - General

JEL: N00 - General

JEL: N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods

JEL: N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations

JEL: N10 - General, International, or Comparative

JEL: N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N13 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N14 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N15 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N16 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N17 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions

JEL: N20 - General, International, or Comparative

JEL: N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N23 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N24 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N25 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N26 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N27 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth

JEL: N30 - General, International, or Comparative

JEL: N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N33 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N34 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N35 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N36 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N37 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N4 - Government, War, Law, and Regulation

JEL: N40 - General, International, or Comparative

JEL: N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N43 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N44 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N45 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N46 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N47 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries

JEL: N50 - General, International, or Comparative

JEL: N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N53 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N54 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N55 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N56 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N57 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N6 - Manufacturing and Construction

JEL: N60 - General, International, or Comparative

JEL: N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N63 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N64 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N65 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N66 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N67 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N7 - Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services

JEL: N70 - General, International, or Comparative

JEL: N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N73 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N74 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N75 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N76 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N77 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N8 - Micro-Business History

JEL: N80 - General, International, or Comparative

JEL: N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N83 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N84 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N85 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N86 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N87 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N9 - Regional and Urban History

JEL: N90 - General, International, or Comparative

JEL: N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N93 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N94 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N95 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N96 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N97 - Africa; Oceania

Economic development, technological change, and growth JEL: O

Subcategories

JEL: O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

Category:Economic development, technological change, and growth

JEL: O1 - Economic development

JEL: O10 - General

JEL: O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

JEL: O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

JEL: O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products

JEL: O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology

JEL: O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

JEL: O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment

JEL: O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements: Legal, Social,

Economic, and Political

JEL: O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses, Transportation

JEL: O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

JEL: O2 - Development Planning and Policy

JEL: O20 - General

JEL: O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy

JEL: O22 - Project Analysis

JEL: O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development

JEL: O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy

JEL: O25 - Industrial policy

JEL: O29 - Other

JEL: O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development

JEL: O30 - General

JEL: O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

JEL: O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D

JEL: O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

JEL: O34 - Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues

JEL: O38 - Government Policy

JEL: O39 - Other

JEL: O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

JEL: O40 - General

JEL: O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models

JEL: O42 - Monetary Growth Models

JEL: O43 - Institutions and Growth

JEL: O44 - Environment and Growth

JEL: O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity

JEL: O49 - Other

JEL: O5 - Economywide Country Studies

JEL: O50 - General

JEL: O51 - U.S.; Canada

JEL: O52 - Europe

JEL: O53 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: O54 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: O55 - Africa

JEL: O56 - Oceania

JEL: O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries

Economic systems JEL: P Subcategories

JEL: P - Economic Systems

Category:Economic systems

JEL: P0 - General

JEL: P00 - General

JEL: P1 - Capitalist Systems

JEL: P10 - General

JEL: P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform

JEL: P12 - Capitalist Enterprises

JEL: P13 - Cooperative Enterprises

JEL: P14 - Property Rights

JEL: P16 - Political Economy

JEL: P17 - Performance and Prospects

JEL: P19 - Other

JEL: P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies

JEL: P20 - General

JEL: P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform

JEL: P22 - Prices

JEL: P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population

JEL: P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation

JEL: P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation

JEL: P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights

JEL: P27 - Performance and Prospects

JEL: P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment

JEL: P29 - Other

JEL: P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions

JEL: P30 - General

JEL: P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions

JEL: P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture

JEL: P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid

JEL: P34 - Financial Economics

JEL: P35 - Public Economics

JEL: P36 - Consumer Economics; Health, Education, Welfare, and Poverty

JEL: P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior

JEL: P39 - Other

JEL: P4 - Other Economic Systems

JEL: P40 - General

JEL: P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform

JEL: P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population

JEL: P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics

JEL: P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation

JEL: P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid

JEL: P46 - Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty

JEL: P47 - Performance and Prospects

JEL: P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights, Natural Resources; Energy;

Environment; Regional Studies

JEL: P49 - Other

JEL: P5 - Comparative Economic Systems

JEL: P50 - General

JEL: P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems

JEL: P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies

JEL: P59 - Other

Agricultural and natural resource economics; environmental and ecological economics JEL: Q Subcategories

JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

Category:Agricultural and natural resource economics; environmental and ecological economics Category:Resource

economics

JEL: Q0 - General

JEL: Q00 - General

JEL: Q01 - Sustainable development

JEL: Q02 - Global Commodity Crises

JEL: Q1 - Agriculture

JEL: Q10 - General

JEL: Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices

JEL: Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets

JEL: Q13 - Agricultural markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

JEL: Q14 - Agricultural finance

JEL: Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land reform; Land use; Irrigation; Agriculture and

Environment

JEL: Q16 - R&D; Agricultural technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services

JEL: Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade

JEL: Q18 - Agricultural policy; Food policy

JEL: Q19 - Other

JEL: Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation

JEL: Q20 - General

JEL: Q21 - Demand and Supply

JEL: Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture

JEL: Q23 - Forestry

JEL: Q24 - Land

JEL: Q25 - Water

JEL: Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources

JEL: Q28 - Government Policy

JEL: Q29 - Other

JEL: Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation

JEL: Q30 - General

JEL: Q31 - Demand and Supply

JEL: Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development

JEL: Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts

JEL: Q33 - Resource Booms

JEL: Q38 - Government Policy

JEL: Q39 - Other

JEL: Q4 - Energy

JEL: Q40 - General

JEL: Q41 - Demand and Supply

JEL: Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources

JEL: Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy

JEL: Q47 - Energy Forecasting

JEL: Q48 - Government Policy

JEL: Q49 - Other

JEL: Q5 - Environmental economics

JEL: Q50 - General

JEL: Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects

JEL: Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects

JEL: Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

JEL: Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters, Global Warming

JEL: Q55 - Technological Innovation

JEL: Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environment

Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

JEL: Q57 - Ecological economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics;

Industrial Ecology

JEL: Q58 - Government Policy

JEL: Q59 - Other

Urban, rural, and regional economics JEL: R Subcategories

JEL: R - Urban, Rural, and Regional economics

Category:Urban, rural, and regional economics

JEL: R0 - General

JEL: R00 - General

JEL: R1 - General Regional economics

JEL: R10 - General

JEL: R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes

JEL: R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade

JEL: R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies

JEL: R14 - Land Use Patterns

JEL: R15 - Econometric and Input–Output Models; Other Models

JEL: R19 - Other

JEL: R2 - Household Analysis

JEL: R20 - General

JEL: R21 - Housing Demand

JEL: R22 - Other Demand

JEL: R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

JEL: R29 - Other

JEL: R3 - Production Analysis and Firm Location

JEL: R30 - General

JEL: R31 - Housing Supply and Markets

JEL: R32 - Other Production and Pricing Analysis

JEL: R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets

JEL: R34 - Input Demand Analysis

JEL: R38 - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies

JEL: R39 - Other

JEL: R4 - Transportation Systems

JEL: R40 - General

JEL: R41 - Transportation: Demand; Supply; Congestion; Safety and Accidents

JEL: R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis

JEL: R48 - Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies

JEL: R49 - Other

JEL: R5 - Regional Government Analysis

JEL: R50 - General

JEL: R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies

JEL: R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations

JEL: R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock

JEL: R58 - Regional Development Policy

JEL: R59 - Other

Miscellaneous categories (economics) JEL: Y Subcategories

Category:Miscellaneous categories (economics)

JEL: Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts

JEL: Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts

JEL: Y2 - Introductory Material

JEL: Y20 - Introductory Material

JEL: Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified)

JEL: Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)

JEL: Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified)

JEL: Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)

JEL: Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified)

JEL: Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)

JEL: Y6 - Excerpts

JEL: Y60 - Excerpts

JEL: Y6 - No Author General Discussions

JEL: Y60 - No Author General Discussions

JEL: Y8 - JEL: Related Disciplines

JEL: Y80 - Related Disciplines

JEL: Y9 - Other

JEL: Y90 - Other

JEL: Y91 - Pictures and Maps

Other special topics (economics) JEL: Z Subcategories

Category:Other special topics (economics)

JEL: Z - Other special topics

JEL: Z0 - General

JEL: Z00 - General

JEL: Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology

JEL: Z10 - General

JEL: Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature

JEL: Z12 - Religion

JEL: Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification

JEL: Z19 - Other

备注

[1] EconLit - American Economic Association (http:/ / www. aeaweb. org/ econlit/ index. php).

[2] Works cited in the Index of Economic Articles are classified by author and subject. Coverage includes v. 1-7 for 1886-1965 and v. 8-36 for

each year thereafter to 1996 (per Baylor University Libraries, "International Business Sources," p. 1 (http:/ / www. baylor. edu/ content/

services/ document. php/ 14779. pdf)).

[3] An alphabetic list of category links constructed as corresponding JEL-code (sub)categories and listed below is at Category:Categories which

are included in the JEL classification codes.

[4] http:/ / www. aeaweb. org/ journal/ jel_class_system. php

[5] http:/ / www. aeaweb. org/ jel/ guide/ jel. php

[6] http:/ / www. dictionaryofeconomics. com/ advanced_search

[7] http:/ / www. nber. org/ jel/

[8] http:/ / econpapers. repec. org/ scripts/ jelsearch. pf

External links

• Full list of JEL classifications (http:/ / www. aeaweb. org/ journal/ jel_class_system. html)

• JEL Classification Codes Guide (http:/ / www. aeaweb. org/ jel/ guide/ jel. php), which provides a more detailed

explanation of the classification system

Article Sources and Contributors 28

Article Sources and Contributors

JEL classification codes Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=515735963