查看原文
其他

罗伯特·骚塞诗8首

罗伯特·骚塞 星期一诗社 2024-01-10
罗伯特·骚塞(ROBERT SOUTHEY,1774-1843年),英国作家,湖畔派诗人之一。“消极浪漫主义”诗人,他曾一度激进,后反对法国革命,于1813年被国王封为桂冠诗人。作为早期的浪漫主义者,在他的带领下,民谣体诗得以复兴。他尝试使用无韵的不规则诗句,是十九世纪和二十世纪自由诗体运动的先行者。
他生于布利斯托一个布商家庭,年青时代思想激进,饱读伏尔泰、卢梭的著作,在威斯敏斯特学校学习时曾因撰文反对校方体罚学生而被开除学籍。进牛津大学后,他更醉心法国大革命,写史诗《圣女贞德》歌颂革命,后来还与柯尔律治计划在美洲的森林里建立乌托邦社会。但中年后骚塞的政治态度却变得十分保守,还热衷于趋附权贵,成了统治者的御用文人,并因此获得“桂冠诗人”的称号。1821年他以桂冠诗人身份作颂诗《审判的幻景》,颂扬去世不久的英王乔治三世,攻击拜伦、雪莱等进步诗人,称他们是“恶魔派”。拜伦作同名讽刺长诗一首,对乔治三世和骚塞作了尽情的奚落。

骚塞写过几首富有东方色彩和异国情调的叙事长诗,也写一些中古风格的歌谣以抒怀咏志的短诗。前者虽有浪漫主义激情和冒险情节,但显得冗长拖沓、矫揉造作,后总体成就也不高,但有少量几首尚可一读。
骚塞的著名短诗有《布伦海姆之战》、《不再与死人为伍》和《因尺角之石》。除《纳尔逊传》(1813年)外,他还撰写随笔和历史。儿童故事《三只小熊》就取自其长达七卷的杂记作品《医生》(The Doctor,1834--47年)。
从1813年到过世,他一直担任“桂冠诗人”一职。1836年12月,20岁的夏洛蒂·勃朗特怀着惴惴不安的心情,把自己认为最好的几首诗,寄给当时大名鼎鼎的桂冠诗人罗伯特·骚塞,希望能得到她所崇敬的文学前辈的指点、提携。第二年春天,罗伯特在信中对夏洛蒂说:“在大自然里,小草和大树都是上帝的安排。放弃你可贵徒劳的追求吧——文学,不是妇女的事业,而且也不应该是妇女的事业。”劝她别妄想成为一名诗人,但事实证明,他那陈腐的偏见绝对是错误的,后来,夏洛蒂的文学作品《简爱》出版了,震动了英国乃至世界文坛,成为世界文学史上少有的盛事。



书斋咏怀


我的岁月尽同死者盘桓;

当我举目向四周观看,

无论把目光投向哪里,

都会遇到已逝的先贤;

他们是我忠实的朋友,

我天天同他们倾心交谈。

我曾与他们同享喜悦,

也曾与他们共遣忧愁;

每当我想起在我生活中

他们给了我多少感受,

我常常为了感激涕零,

泪水在沉思中夺眶而流。

我的思想和死者在一起,

一起生活在遥远的年代里,

我爱他们的品德也责其错误;

和他们同怀希望和忧虑;

我在他们的遗训中孜孜以求,

把得来的启示在心中铭记。

我的希望也在这些死者身上;

不久我也将去到他们的地方,

我们将一起结伴而行,

向着无穷的未来奔波远航;

我想我也会在此留下一个名字,

这名字永远不会随尘土消亡。

布连海姆战役之后

那是一个夏天的傍晚,

老卡斯帕尔已把活干完,

他静坐在夕阳的余晖里,

静坐在自己屋舍的门前;

他的小孙女威勒玛茵,

嬉戏在草地上,在他身边。

她看见她的哥哥皮特金,

滚动着一件东西又大又圆,

那是他在游玩时捡来的,

在离家不远的那条小河边;

老人走上前来想问个仔细,

是什么东西这么又光又细。

老人将那东西拿在手里,

孩子站在一旁满目惊疑;

老人看后不禁摇了摇头,

接着又发出深沉的叹息:

“这是一个可怜人的骷髅,

他死于那次伟大的战役。”

“我在菜园里也发现过骷髅,

它们在这儿可不算稀奇;

当我在田里耕地的时候,

犁头常把它们从土中翻起。

因为曾有几千名战士呵,

都死于那次伟大的胜利。”

“告诉我们那是怎么一回事情,”

小皮特金忙问爷爷发问;

威勒玛茵也仰起了小脸,

瞪着一双好奇的眼睛;

“告诉我们那次战争的事吧,

和他们干吗要打仗的原因。”

“在那次战役中,英国人

把法国人打得溃不成军;

但他们究竟为啥要打仗,

我也搞不明白说不清。

但大家都说,”老人讲道,

“那次战役真是赫赫有名。”

“我父亲那时住在布连海姆,

在离这小河不远的地方;

他们一把火烧了他的房子,

逼得他只好逃奔他乡:

他携妻带子到处去飘流,

难以找到一个安身的地方。”

“火和剑蹂躏着这里的一切,

举目四望到处一片荒凉;

有多少母亲和新生的婴儿,

在那次战火中悲惨地死亡:

但你们知道,在每次著名的

战役中,都会有这样的景象。”

“据说当我们赢得了胜利,

战场的景象实令人神伤;

几千具尸首满地狼藉,

发烂发臭曝晒着骄阳:

但你们知道,在每次著名的

战役中,都会有这样的景象。”

“马尔勃罗公爵却倍受颂扬,

尤金亲王也赢得了荣誉;”

“但这是多么残忍的事呵!”

小威勒玛茵的打断了他的话题;

“可是,可是……我的小孙女,

那是一次著名的战役。”

“人人都对公爵大加颂扬,

是他赢得了这伟大的胜利。”

“但究竟有什么好处呢”?

小皮特金又打断了他的话题:——

“这我也说不清,”老人喃喃自语,

“但那是一次著名的战役。”




Inchcape Rock


No stir in the air, no stir in the sea, 

The Ship was still as she could be; 

Her sails from heaven received no motion, 

Her keel was steady in the ocean. 


Without either sign or sound of their shock, 

The waves flow’d over the Inchcape Rock; 

So little they rose, so little they fell, 

They did not move the Inchcape Bell.


The Abbot of Aberbrothok 

Had placed that bell on the Inchcape Rock; 

On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung, 

And over the waves its warning rung.


When the Rock was hid by the surge’s swell, 

The Mariners heard the warning Bell; 

And then they knew the perilous Rock, 

And blest the Abbot of Aberbrothok


The Sun in the heaven was shining gay, 

All things were joyful on that day; 

The sea-birds scream’d as they wheel’d round, 

And there was joyaunce in their sound. 


The buoy of the Inchcpe Bell was seen

A darker speck on the ocean green; 

Sir Ralph the Rover walk’d his deck, 

And fix’d his eye on the darker speck. 


He felt the cheering power of spring, 

It made him whistle, it made him sing; 

His heart was mirthful to excess, 

But the Rover’s mirth was wickedness. 


His eye was on the Inchcape Float; 

Quoth he, “My men, put out the boat, 

And row me to the Inchcape Rock, 

And I’ll plague the Abbot of Aberbrothok.” 


The boat is lower’d, the boatmen row, 

And to the Inchcape Rock they go; 

Sir Ralph bent over from the boat, 

And he cut the bell from the Inchcape Float.


Down sank the Bell with a gurgling sound, 

The bubbles rose and burst around; 

Quoth Sir Ralph, “The next who comes to the Rock,

Won’t bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.” 


Sir ralph the Rover sail’d away, 

He scour’d the seas for many a day; 

And now grown rich with plunder’d store, 

He steers his course for Scotland’s shore. 


So thick a haze o’erspreads the sky, 

They cannot see the sun on high; 

The wind hath blown a gale all day, 

At evening it hath died away. 


On the deck the Rover takes his stand, 

So dark it is they see no land. 

Quoth Sir Ralph, “It will be lighter soon, 

For there is the dawn of the rising Moon.” 


“Canst hear,” said one, “the breakers roar? 

For methinks we should be near the shore.” 

“Now, where we are I cannot tell, 

But I wish we could hear the Inchcape Bell.” 


They hear no sound, the swell is strong, 

Though the wind hath fallen they drift along; 

Till the vessel strikes with a shivering shock, 

“Oh Christ! It is the Inchcape Rock!” 


Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair, 

He curst himself in his despair; 

The waves rush in on every side, 

The ship is sinking beneath the tide. 


But even is his dying fear, 

One dreadful sound could the Rover hear; 

A sound as if with the Inchcape Bell, 

The Devil below was ringing his knell. 




Go, Valentine


Go, Valentine, and tell that lovely maid 

Whom fancy still will portray to my sight, 

How here I linger in this sullen shade, 

This dreary gloom of dull monastic night; 

Say, that every joy of life remote 

At evening's closing hour I quit the throng, 

Listening in solitude the ring-dome's note, 

Who pours like me her solitary song; 

Say, that of her absence calls the sorrowing sigh; 

Say, that of all her charms I love to speak, 

In fancy feel the magic of her eye, 

In fancy view the smile illume her cheek, 

Court the lone hour when silence stills the grove, 

And heave the sigh of memory and of love. 




God's Judgment On A Wicked Bishop


The summer and autumn had been so wet,

That in winter the corn was growing yet,

'Twas a piteous sight to see all around

The grain lie rotting on the ground.


Every day the starving poor

Crowded around Bishop Hatto's door,

For he had a plentiful last-year's store,

And all the neighbourhood could tell

His granaries were furnish'd well.


At last Bishop Hatto appointed a day

To quiet the poor without delay;

He bade them to his great Barn repair,

And they should have food for the winter there.


Rejoiced such tidings good to hear,

The poor folk flock'd from far and near;

The great barn was full as it could hold

Of women and children, and young and old.


Then when he saw it could hold no more,

Bishop Hatto he made fast the door;

And while for mercy on Christ they call,

He set fire to the Barn and burnt them all.


"I'faith 'tis an excellent bonfire!" quoth he,

"And the country is greatly obliged to me,

For ridding it in these times forlorn

Of Rats that only consume the corn."


So then to his palace returned he,

And he sat down to supper merrily,

And he slept that night like an innocent man;

But Bishop Hatto never slept again.


In the morning as he enter'd the hall

Where his picture hung against the wall,

A sweat like death all over him came,

For the Rats had eaten it out of the frame.


As he look'd there came a man from his farm--

He had a countenance white with alarm;

"My Lord, I open'd your granaries this morn,

And the Rats had eaten all your corn."


Another came running presently,

And he was pale as pale could be,

"Fly! my Lord Bishop, fly," quoth he,

"Ten thousand Rats are coming this way,...

The Lord forgive you for yesterday!"


"I'll go to my tower on the Rhine," replied he,

"'Tis the safest place in Germany;

The walls are high and the shores are steep,

And the stream is strong and the water deep."


Bishop Hatto fearfully hasten'd away,

And he crost the Rhine without delay,

And reach'd his tower, and barr'd with care

All the windows, doors, and loop-holes there.


He laid him down and closed his eyes;...

But soon a scream made him arise,

He started and saw two eyes of flame

On his pillow from whence the screaming came.


He listen'd and look'd;... it was only the Cat;

And the Bishop he grew more fearful for that,

For she sat screaming, mad with fear

At the Army of Rats that were drawing near.


For they have swum over the river so deep,

And they have climb'd the shores so steep,

And up the Tower their way is bent,

To do the work for which they were sent.


They are not to be told by the dozen or score,

By thousands they come, and by myriads and more,

Such numbers had never been heard of before,

Such a judgment had never been witness'd of yore.


Down on his knees the Bishop fell,

And faster and faster his beads did he tell,

As louder and louder drawing near

The gnawing of their teeth he could hear.


And in at the windows and in at the door,

And through the walls helter-skelter they pour,

And down from the ceiling and up through the floor,

From the right and the left, from behind and before,

From within and without, from above and below,

And all at once to the Bishop they go.


They have whetted their teeth against the stones,

And now they pick the Bishop's bones:

They gnaw'd the flesh from every limb,

For they were sent to do judgment on him! 




His Books


Autoplay next video

MY days among the Dead are past; 

Around me I behold, 

Where'er these casual eyes are cast, 

The mighty minds of old: 

My never-failing friends are they, 

With whom I converse day by day. 


With them I take delight in weal 

And seek relief in woe; 

And while I understand and feel 

How much to them I owe, 

My cheeks have often been bedew'd 

With tears of thoughtful gratitude. 


My thoughts are with the Dead; with them 

I live in long-past years, 

Their virtues love, their faults condemn, 

Partake their hopes and fears; 

And from their lessons seek and find 

Instruction with an humble mind. 


My hopes are with the Dead; anon 

My place with them will be, 

And I with them shall travel on 

Through all Futurity; 

Yet leaving here a name, I trust, 

That will not perish in the dust. 




The Battle Of Blenheim


Autoplay next video

It was a summer evening;

Old Kaspar’s work was done,

And he before his cottage door

Was sitting in the sun;

And by him sported on the green

His little grandchild Wilhelmine.


She saw her brother Peterkin

Roll something large and round,

Which he beside the rivulet

In playing there had found.

He came to ask what he had found,

That was so large, and smooth, and round.


Old Kaspar took it from the boy,

Who stood expectant by;

And then the old man shook his head,

And with a natural sigh,

“‘Tis some poor fellow’s skull,” said he,

“Who fell in the great victory.


“I find them in the garden,

For there’s many here about;

And often, when I go to plow,

The plowshare turns them out;

For many thousand men,” said he,

“Were slain in that great victory.”


“Now tell us what ‘twas all about,”

Young Peterkin, he cries;

And little Wilhelmine looks up

With wonder-waiting eyes;

“Now tell us all about the war,

And what they fought each other for.”


“It was the English,” Kaspar cried,

“Who put the French to rout;

But what they fought each other for,

I could not well make out;

But everybody said,” quoth he,

“That ‘twas a famous victory.


“My father lived at Blenheim then,

Yon little stream hard by;

They burnt his dwelling to the ground,

And he was forced to fly;

So with his wife and child he fled,

Nor had he where to rest his head.


“With fire and sword the country round

Was wasted far and wide,

And many a childing mother then,

And new-born baby, died;

But things like that, you know, must be

At every famous victory.


“They say it was a shocking sight

After the field was won;

For many thousand bodies here

Lay rotting in the sun;

But things like that, you know, must be

After a famous victory.


“Great praise the Duke of Marlboro’ won,

And our good Prince Eugene.”

“Why, ‘twas a very wicked thing!”

Said little Wilhelmine.

“Nay, nay, my little girl,” quoth he;

“It was a famous victory.


“And everybody praised the Duke

Who this great fight did win.”

“But what good came of it at last?”

Quoth little Peterkin.

“Why, that I cannot tell,” said he;

“But ‘twas a famous victory.” 




Winter


A wrinkled crabbed man they picture thee, 

Old Winter, with a rugged beard as grey 

As the long moss upon the apple-tree; 

Blue-lipt, an icedrop at thy sharp blue nose, 

Close muffled up, and on thy dreary way 

Plodding alone through sleet and drifting snows. 

They should have drawn thee by the high-heapt hearth, 

Old Winter! seated in thy great armed chair, 

Watching the children at their Christmas mirth; 

Or circled by them as thy lips declare 

Some merry jest, or tale of murder dire, 

Or troubled spirit that disturbs the night, 

Pausing at times to rouse the mouldering fire, 

Or taste the old October brown and bright. 




The Widow


Autoplay next video

Cold was the night wind, drifting fast the snows fell,

Wide were the downs and shelterless and naked,

When a poor Wanderer struggled on her journey

Weary and way-sore.


Drear were the downs, more dreary her reflexions;

Cold was the night wind, colder was her bosom!

She had no home, the world was all before her,

She had no shelter.


Fast o'er the bleak heath rattling drove a chariot,

"Pity me!" feebly cried the poor night wanderer.

"Pity me Strangers! lest with cold and hunger

Here I should perish.


"Once I had friends,--but they have all forsook me!

"Once I had parents,--they are now in Heaven!

"I had a home once--I had once a husband--

"Pity me Strangers!


"I had a home once--I had once a husband--

"I am a Widow poor and broken-hearted!"

Loud blew the wind, unheard was her complaining.

On drove the chariot.


On the cold snows she laid her down to rest her;

She heard a horseman, "pity me!" she groan'd out;

Loud blew the wind, unheard was her complaining,

On went the horseman.


Worn out with anguish, toil and cold and hunger,

Down sunk the Wanderer, sleep had seiz'd her senses;

There, did the Traveller find her in the morning,

GOD had releast her. 



推荐阅读:

史蒂文斯《罐子轶事》

博纳富瓦《麋鹿的归宿》

勃洛克《十二个》

艾赫泰勒《他通宵达旦地畅饮美酒》

裴多菲《我愿意是急流》

裴多菲《自由与爱情》

裴多菲《我的爱情在一百个形象中》

莱奥帕尔迪《致意大利》

托马斯•格雷《墓畔哀歌》

席勒《姑娘的悲诉》

拉封丹《褡裢》

伏尔泰《致夏特莱夫人》

法拉兹达格《你在泥土里安睡》

赫尔曼《阳光悄然消逝》

贺拉斯《诗艺》

贺拉斯《啊,琵拉》

普拉斯《镜子》

萨福《给所爱》

马洛《牧羊人的恋歌》

华兹华斯《丁登寺旁》

华兹华斯《孤独的刈麦女》

继续滑动看下一个

您可能也对以下帖子感兴趣

文章有问题?点此查看未经处理的缓存