教育学涨了6分
今天下午，2021年硕士研究生考试学术学位类和专业学位类的国家线公布了，听说教育学涨势最猛，涨了6分。
借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们来看看什么是教育学？
无注释原文：
Pedagogy in Education: More Than a Buzzword
Schoology
According to Merriam-Webster, pedagogy is the “art, science, or profession of teaching; especially: education.” This definition covers many aspects of teaching, but pedagogy really comes down to studying teaching methods. There are many moving parts to pedagogy that include teaching styles, feedback, and assessment. While each teacher has a different pedagogical approach to learning in their classroom, they should consider the most effective means of content delivery based on student needs. Do students need more lecture or individual work time? How do the students in the classroom learn best? These pedagogical questions are at the center of approaching learning for students.
Pedagogy in Teaching
Pedagogy in education can either be teacher-centered or learner-centered with a low-tech or high-tech approach. Teacher-centered learning focuses on the teacher giving lectures and sharing content through direct instruction. It fixates on the knowledge the teacher has and imparting that knowledge to students. Teacher-centered assessments are meant for students to show they know the knowledge that has been shared with them at the end of a unit.
Student-centered learning directs the student to be an active participant in their own learning process. While the teacher still delivers content, they take on more of a coaching or mentoring role to help students learn. Student-centered assessments are given more frequently to assess knowledge and tend to be more objective.
High-tech and low-tech approaches refers to how much technology a teacher uses to help teach the content. High-tech includes technology such as Google suite, personal devices, webquests, and apps. Low-tech is more paper-based, like worksheets and hands-on projects.
Teach.com shows how these approaches can be combined to achieve student learning. A high-tech, teacher-centered approach could include a Prezi presentation over the content or a video sharing information. A high-tech, student-centered approach could be a webquest or some type of gamification. Low-tech, teacher-centered method incorporates direct instruction while low-tech, student-centered merges worksheets and hands-on activities and projects.
Each of these approaches to pedagogy within the classroom has benefits and weaknesses. The ultimate way to help students learn is to use a combination of these pedagogical avenues to reach the variety of students within the classroom.
Pedagogy in education concentrates on the different learning styles of students. Every teacher knows that no two students are exactly the same, and so finding out how students learn helps the teacher create lessons that help each student learn in the way they learn best.
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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Pedagogy in Education: More Than a Buzzword
Schoology
According to Merriam-Webster, pedagogy is the “art, science, or profession of teaching; especially: education.” This definition covers many aspects of teaching, but pedagogy really comes down to studying teaching methods.
根据韦氏词典（Merriam-Webster）的定义，教育学（pedagogy）是“教学的艺术、科学或专业；特别是：教育”。这个定义涵盖了教学的许多方面，但教育学真正归结为研究教学方法。
pedagogy
pedagogy /ˈpedəɡɒdʒi/ 表示“教育学；教学法”，英文解释为“Pedagogy is the study and theory of the methods and principles of teaching.”
下文出现形容词性：pedagogical / pedagogic
come down to
表示“主要涉及到；归根结底，可归结为；实质上是”，英文解释为“If a problem, decision, or question comes down to a particular thing, that thing is the most important factor involved.”举个🌰：
The problem comes down to money.
这个问题主要涉及到钱的问题。
There are many moving parts to pedagogy that include teaching styles, feedback, and assessment. While each teacher has a different pedagogical approach to learning in their classroom, they should consider the most effective means of content delivery based on student needs. Do students need more lecture or individual work time? How do the students in the classroom learn best? These pedagogical questions are at the center of approaching learning for students.
教育学有许多组成部分，包括教学风格、反馈和评估。虽然每个教师在课堂上的教学方法都不一样，但他们应该根据学生的需求考虑最有效的内容教授方式。学生需要更多的讲课时间还是个人作业时间？课堂上的学生如何学习效果最好？这些教育学问题是学生进行学习的核心。
feedback
表示“反馈信息，反馈意见”，英文解释为“information or statements of opinion about something, such as a new product, that can tell you if it is successful or liked ”举个🌰：
Have you had any feedback from customers about the new soap?
有关新款肥皂你有没有收到顾客的反馈意见？
assessment
表示“评估”，英文解释为“An assessment is a consideration of someone or something and a judgment about them.”举个🌰：
There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment.
几乎没有有关自然环境破坏的评估。
Pedagogy in Teaching
Pedagogy in education can either be teacher-centered or learner-centered with a low-tech or high-tech approach. Teacher-centered learning focuses on the teacher giving lectures and sharing content through direct instruction. It fixates on the knowledge the teacher has and imparting that knowledge to students. Teacher-centered assessments are meant for students to show they know the knowledge that has been shared with them at the end of a unit.
教育学可以以教师为中心，也可以以学习者为中心，采用低技术或高科技的方法。以教师为中心的学习重点在于教师通过直接指导进行授课和分享内容。它着眼于老师所掌握的知识，并将这些知识传授给学生。以教师为中心的评估（考试）是为了让学生在一个单元结束时表明他们掌握已经与他们分享的知识。
fixate
fixate /ˈfɪkseɪt/ 原意表示“（使）固定”，也可以表示“（使）痴迷，依恋，固着于”，英文解释为“to look at or think about something constantly : to give all of your attention to something”通常+on / upon，举个🌰：
Why do journalists fixate on scandals?
为什么记者会执着于丑闻？
impart
表示“通知；透露；传授”，英文解释为“to pass information, knowledge, etc. to other people”举个🌰：
The ability to impart knowledge and command respect is the essential qualification for teachers.
传授知识并博得尊敬的能力对老师们来说是基本的条件。
📍韩愈《师说》英译版中“古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。”就被译为：In ancient times those who wanted to learn would seek out a teacher, one who could propagate the doctrine, impart professional knowledge, and resolve doubts.
meant
表示“为…而做的;为…而准备的”，英文解释为“If something is meant for particular people or for a particular situation, it is intended for those people or for that situation.”举个🌰：
Fairy tales weren't just meant for children.
童话故事不仅仅是写给孩子们的。
Student-centered learning directs the student to be an active participant in their own learning process. While the teacher still delivers content, they take on more of a coaching or mentoring role to help students learn. Student-centered assessments are given more frequently to assess knowledge and tend to be more objective.
以学生为中心的学习引导学生成为自己学习过程的积极参与者。虽然教师仍在传授内容，但他们更多的是扮演教练或指导的角色，以帮助学生学习。以学生为中心的评估更频繁地对知识进行评估，而且往往更加客观。
objective
表示“客观的；就事论事的；不带个人感情的”，英文解释为“not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; considering only facts”如：an objective analysis / assessment 客观的分析/评价。
High-tech and low-tech approaches refers to how much technology a teacher uses to help teach the content. High-tech includes technology such as Google suite, personal devices, and apps. Low-tech is more paper-based, like worksheets and hands-on projects.
高科技和低技术方法是指教师使用多少技术来帮助教授内容。高科技包括谷歌套件、个人设备和应用程序等技术。低科技更多的是纸质的，比如活页练习题和动手项目。
worksheet
表示“（学生做的）活页练习题；工作记录（或进度）表”，英文解释为“a piece of paper on which there is a series of questions and exercises to be done by a student；a piece of paper on which work that has been done or has to be done is recorded”。
hands-on
表示“亲身实践的”，英文解释为“Hands-on experience or work involves actually doing a particular thing, rather than just talking about it or getting someone else to do it.”如：the hands-on management approach 事事过问/事必躬亲的管理方法。
📍相反，就有hands-off表示“不插手的；不干涉的”（A hands-off policy or approach to something consists of not being personally or directly involved in it.）
Teach.com shows how these approaches can be combined to achieve student learning. A high-tech, teacher-centered approach could include a Prezi presentation over the content or a video sharing information. A high-tech, student-centered approach could be a webquest or some type of gamification. Low-tech, teacher-centered method incorporates direct instruction while low-tech, student-centered merges worksheets and hands-on activities and projects.
Teach.com展示了如何结合这些方法来实现学生的学习。高科技的、以教师为中心的方法可包括在内容上的Prezi演示或视频分享信息。高科技的、以学生为中心的方法可以是网络探究或某种类型的游戏化。低技术的、以教师为中心的方法就是直接教学，而低技术的、以学生为中心的方法则融合了活页练习题、实践活动和项目。
webquest
“Web”是“网络”的意思，“Quest”是“寻求”、“调查”的意思，而“WebQuest”在汉语中则还没有一个与之相匹配的词汇。据百度百科，WebQuest是一种“专题调查”活动，在这类活动中，部分或所有与学习者互相作用的信息均来自互联网上的资源。根据这一意思我们可以把它译为“网络探究/网络专题调查”。
gamification
表示“游戏化”，英文解释为“the designing of an activity such as learning, solving a problem, or being a customer so that it is like a game”。
incorporate
1）表示“包含”，英文解释为“If one thing incorporates another thing, it includes the other thing.”举个🌰：
The new cars will incorporate a number of major improvements.
这种新型汽车将包含许多重大的改进。
2）表示“使并入”，英文解释为“If someone or something is incorporated into a large group, system, or area, they become a part of it.”
🎬电影《草叶》（Leaves of Grass）中的台词提到：We've been wanting to incorporate more philosophy into the curriculum. 我们一直很想在课程中增加更多的哲学课程。
Each of these approaches to pedagogy within the classroom has benefits and weaknesses. The ultimate way to help students learn is to use a combination of these pedagogical avenues to reach the variety of students within the classroom.
课堂内的这些教学法都有优点和缺点。帮助学生学习的最终方法是将这些教学途径结合起来使用，因材施教。
avenue
表示“选择；途径；手段”，英文解释为“a choice or way of making progress towards sth”举个🌰：
Several avenues are open to us.
有几个办法可以供我们选择。
Pedagogy in education concentrates on the different learning styles of students. Every teacher knows that no two students are exactly the same, and so finding out how students learn helps the teacher create lessons that help each student learn in the way they learn best.
教育学注重学生的不同学习方式。每个老师都知道没有两个学生是完全相同的，因此，找出学生的学习方式将有助于老师创建课程，帮助每个学生以他们最擅长的方式学习。
谢谢你看到这里呀
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