刚刚，特拉斯当选英国新一任首相

刚刚，英国现任外交大臣莉兹·特拉斯（Liz Truss）击败前财政大臣里希·苏纳克（Rishi Sunak），当选英国执政的保守党新党首。

据了解，明天特拉斯将接受英国女王的正式任命，成为英国新一任首相。

无注释原文：

Who is Liz Truss?

BBC

At the age of seven, Liz Truss played the role of Margaret Thatcher in her school's mock general election.

But unlike the prime minister, who won a huge majority in 1983, she did not prove a success.

Many years later, Ms Truss recalled: "I jumped at the chance and gave a heartfelt speech at the hustings, but ended up with zero votes. I didn't even vote for myself."

Thirty-nine years on, she is jumping at the chance to follow the Iron Lady's lead for real and become Conservative leader and prime minister.

The foreign secretary trailed ex-Chancellor Rishi Sunak in all five rounds of voting by Tory MPs.

But bookmakers have her as the clear favourite to win, having spent years building relationships with constituency associations and having remained loyal to Boris Johnson during the darkest days of his premiership.

In many ways, she is not a conventional Tory.

Mary Elizabeth Truss was born in Oxford in 1975. She has described her father, a mathematics professor, and her mother, a nurse, as "left-wing".

As a young girl, her mother took on marches for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, an organisation vehemently opposed to the Thatcher government's decision to allow US nuclear warheads to be installed at RAF Greenham Common, west of London.

The family moved to Paisley, just west of Glasgow, when Ms Truss was four years old.

Speaking to BBC Radio 4's Profile, her brother said the family enjoyed playing board games, but the young Ms Truss hated losing and would often disappear rather than risk not winning.

The family later decamped to Leeds, where she attended Roundhay, a state secondary school. She has described seeing "children who failed and were let down by low expectations" during her time there.

Some of Ms Truss's contemporaries at Roundhay have disputed her account of the school, including Guardian journalist Martin Pengelly, who wrote: "Perhaps she is selectively deploying her upbringing, and casually traducing the school and teachers who nurtured her, for simple political gain."

Whatever her schooling, Ms Truss got to Oxford University, where she read philosophy, politics and economics and was active in student politics, initially for the Liberal Democrats.

At the party's 1994 conference, she spoke in favour of abolishing the monarchy, telling delegates in Brighton: "We Liberal Democrats believe in opportunity for all. We do not believe people are born to rule."

Ms Truss's campaign for the party leadership has not been free of controversy.

Pressed on how she would tackle the cost of living crisis, she has said she will focus her efforts on "lowering the tax burden, not giving out handouts".

She has been forced to scrap a plan to link public sector pay to regional living costs by a backlash from senior Tories who said it would mean lower pay for millions of workers outside London.

And she called Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon an "attention seeker", adding it was best to "ignore her".

However, polls suggest she is more popular among party members than her rival Rishi Sunak.

Some have suggested that Ms Truss, through her outfits - such as a fur hat and a white bow - is trying to emulate another Tory favourite - Mrs Thatcher.

Ms Truss has dismissed this, telling GB News: "It is quite frustrating that female politicians always get compared to Margaret Thatcher while male politicians don't get compared to Ted Heath."

But such comparisons are not, perhaps, an obvious disadvantage when it comes to garnering support from Conservative Party members.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Who is Liz Truss?

BBC

At the age of seven, Liz Truss played the role of Margaret Thatcher in her school's mock general election.

七岁时，莉兹·特拉斯（Liz Truss）在学校的模拟大选中扮演玛格丽特·撒切尔（Margaret Thatcher）。

作形容词，表示“假的；仿制的；假装的”，英文解释为“not real but appearing or pretending to be exactly like something”如：mock cream 人造奶油，mock leather 人造革，mock surprise 假装出来的惊讶。

作动词，表示“嘲笑；（为了取笑）模仿”，英文解释为“If someone mocks you, they show or pretend that they think you are foolish or inferior, for example by saying something funny about you, or by imitating your behaviour.”举个🌰：

I thought you were mocking me.

我以为你在嘲笑我。

🎬电影《消失的爱人》（Gone Girl）中的台词提到：If you need to mock somebody, mock me. 如果你们要嘲弄什么人，嘲弄我。

表示“普选，大选”，英文解释为“an election in which the people living in a country vote to choose the government”

But unlike the prime minister, who won a huge majority in 1983, she did not prove a success.

但与1983年赢得绝大多数席位的首相撒切尔夫人不同，她并没有成功。

Many years later, Ms Truss recalled: "I jumped at the chance and gave a heartfelt speech at the hustings, but ended up with zero votes. I didn't even vote for myself."

多年后，特拉斯回忆道：“我抓住机会，在竞选活动中发表了一篇发自内心的演讲，但最终零票。我甚至没有给自己投票。”

1）表示“召回；叫回；收回”，英文解释为“to order the return of a person who belongs to an organization or of products made by a company”举个🌰：

The ambassador was recalled when war broke out.

战争爆发后大使就被召回了。

2）表示“回忆起；回想起；记得”，英文解释为“to bring the memory of a past event into your mind, and often to give a description of what you remember”举个🌰：

The old man recalled the city as it had been before the war.

这位老人回忆起战前这座城市的样子。

表示“竞选演讲拉票活动”，英文解释为“the political activities and speeches that happen before an election and are intended to win votes”举个🌰：

Two weeks before the election the candidates are all out on/at the hustings.

选举前的2个星期，候选人都在竭尽全力拉选票。

Thirty-nine years on, she is jumping at the chance to follow the Iron Lady's lead for real and become Conservative leader and prime minister.

39年过去了，她抓住机会想真正跟随“铁娘子”的脚步，成为保守党领袖和首相。

表示“真正的，真实的；认真的”，英文解释为“real, not pretended”举个🌰：

I thought it was just a drill but apparently it was for real.

我还以为是消防演习呢，但显然是真的失火了。

conservative表示“保守的；守旧的”，英文解释为“not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change”如：a conservative society/outlook 保守的社会/观念。

Conservative 表示“（英国）保守党的”，英文解释为“belonging to or supporting the British political party that traditionally supports business and opposes high taxes and government involvement in industry”如：the Conservative Party 保守党，Conservative policies 保守党奉行的政策。

The foreign secretary trailed ex-Chancellor Rishi Sunak in all five rounds of voting by Tory MPs.

在保守党议员的所有五轮投票中，这位外交大臣落后于前财政大臣里希·苏纳克（Rishi Sunak）。

表示“（比赛中）落后，失败”，英文解释为“to be losing to your competitor in a competition”举个🌰：

The Canadian team is trailing by six points.

加拿大队落后了6分。

Chancellor /ˈtʃɑːn.səl.ər/ 表示“（政府）大臣，总理，大法官；（大学）校长”，英文解释为“a person in a position of the highest or high rank, especially in a government or university”举个🌰：

He became the first Chancellor of a united Germany in 1990.

他于1990年成为德国统一后的首任总理。

表示“英国保守党党员”，英文解释为“a member of the British Conservative Party”举个🌰：

The Tories (= the Tory party) have dropped in the opinion poll ratings.

英国保守党在民意测验中的支持率下降了。

Member of Parliament的缩写，表示“下议院（或众议院）议员”，英文解释为“abbreviation for Member of Parliament”

But bookmakers have her as the clear favourite to win, having spent years building relationships with constituency associations and having remained loyal to Boris Johnson during the darkest days of his premiership.

但博彩公司认为她显然是最有希望获胜的人，她花了多年时间与选区协会建立关系，并在鲍里斯·约翰逊（Boris Johnson）首相任期最黑暗的日子里一直忠于他。

表示“（尤指赛马等的）赌注登记人；庄家”，英文解释为“a person who accepts and pays out amounts of money risked on a particular result, especially of horse races”，相当于非正式说法bookie.

favorite/favourite可以作为名词，指“最有希望获胜的人（或动物）；比赛中最被看好的人（或动物）”，英文解释为“the person or animal most people expect to win a race or competition”，举个🌰：

Brazil are favourites to win this year's World Cup.

巴西队是今年世界杯赛的夺冠热门。

📍也可以表示“受宠的人；受偏爱的人”，英文解释为：a person who is treated with special kindness by someone in authority. 如：the teacher's favourite 老师的宠儿。

constituency /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ən.si/ 表示“选区”，英文解释为“one of the official areas of a country that elects someone to represent it in a parliament or legislature”如：a rural/urban constituency 乡村/城市选区

表示“总理任期（或职位）；首相任期（或职位）”，英文解释为“the period when someone is prime minister, or the job of being prime minister”

In many ways, she is not a conventional Tory.

在许多方面，她都不是一个传统的保守党人。

表示“传统的；常规的；普通的”，英文解释为“traditional and ordinary”如：conventional behaviour/attitudes/clothes 传统行为/态度/服装。

Mary Elizabeth Truss was born in Oxford in 1975. She has described her father, a mathematics professor, and her mother, a nurse, as "left-wing".

玛丽·伊丽莎白·特拉斯（Mary Elizabeth Truss）1975年出生于牛津（Oxford）。父亲是数学教授，母亲是护士，被她称为“左翼”。

表示“（政治）左翼，左派，左倾”，英文解释为“the political left”

As a young girl, her mother took on marches for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, an organisation vehemently opposed to the Thatcher government's decision to allow US nuclear warheads to be installed at RAF Greenham Common, west of London.

小时候，她的母亲参加了核裁军运动的游行，该组织强烈反对撒切尔政府允许美国核弹头安装在伦敦以西的英国格林汉公地皇家空军基地的决定。

作动词，表示“（齐步）行走，行进”，英文解释为“to walk with regular steps and keeping the body stiff, usually in a formal group of people who are all walking in the same way”举个🌰：

The band marched through the streets.

乐队齐步走过街道。

作名词，表示“示威游行；抗议游行”，英文解释为“an organized walk by many people from one place to another, in order to protest about sth, or to express their opinions”。

表示“解除或放弃武器的行为”，英文解释为“the act of taking away or giving up weapons”举个🌰：

She said she supported nuclear disarmament.

她说她支持核裁军。

表示“激烈地；强烈地；猛烈地”，英文解释为“in a strong and emotional way”举个🌰：

He has vehemently denied having an extra-marital affair.

他极力否认自己有婚外情。

表示“（炸弹或导弹的）弹头”，英文解释为“the front part of a bomb or missile that contains explosives”如：a conventional/nuclear warhead 常规/核弹头

表示“安装；安顿，安置”，英文解释为“to put furniture, a machine, or a piece of equipment into position and make it ready to use”举个🌰：

The plumber is coming tomorrow to install the new washing machine.

水管工明天来安装新的洗衣机。

还可以表示“正式任命，使正式就职”，英文解释为“to put someone in an important job or position”举个🌰：

She has installed a couple of young academics as her advisers.

她任用几名年轻的大学教师作为顾问。

Royal Air Force的缩写，表示“英国皇家空军”，英文解释为“abbreviation for the Royal Air Force: the air force of the UK”举个🌰：

He was in the RAF for 30 years.

他曾在英国皇家空军服役30年。

The family moved to Paisley, just west of Glasgow, when Ms Truss was four years old.

特拉斯四岁时，全家搬到了格拉斯哥（Glasgow）以西的佩斯利（Paisley）。

Speaking to BBC Radio 4's Profile, her brother said the family enjoyed playing board games, but the young Ms Truss hated losing and would often disappear rather than risk not winning.

她的哥哥在接受英国广播公司第四电台（BBC Radio 4）的采访时说，家人喜欢玩棋盘游戏，但幼年的特拉斯讨厌失败，经常看不见，而不是冒着输掉的风险参与。

表示“棋类游戏”，英文解释为“any of many games, for example chess, in which small pieces are moved around on a board with a pattern on it”

The family later decamped to Leeds, where she attended Roundhay, a state secondary school. She has described seeing "children who failed and were let down by low expectations" during her time there.

后来，他们一家搬到了利兹（Leeds），在那里她就读于公立朗德海（Roundhay）中学。她称在那期间看到了“失败和因低期望而失望的孩子”。

表示“不辞而别，偷偷溜走；逃走，突然离开”，英文解释为“to leave suddenly and unexpectedly, usually without telling anyone”举个🌰：

He decamped from the hotel with someone else's luggage.

他拿了别人的行李，从酒店偷偷溜走了。

表示“辜负（某人），使（某人）失望”，英文解释为“to disappoint someone by failing to do what you agreed to do or were expected to do”举个🌰：

You will be there tomorrow - you won't let me down, will you? 明天你会去那里的——你不会让我失望，对吧？

Some of Ms Truss's contemporaries at Roundhay have disputed her account of the school, including Guardian journalist Martin Pengelly, who wrote: "Perhaps she is selectively deploying her upbringing, and casually traducing the school and teachers who nurtured her, for simple political gain."

特拉斯在朗德海中学的一些同龄人对她对学校的描述提出了质疑，包括《卫报》（The Guardian）记者马丁·彭格利（Martin Pengelly），他写道：“也许她是有选择地利用自己的成长经历，为了简单的政治利益而随意诋毁培养她的学校和老师。”

除了作形容词，也可以直接作名词，1）表示“同时代的人”，英文解释为“someone living during the same period as someone else”举个🌰：

Was he a contemporary of Shakespeare's?

他和莎士比亚是同时代的人吗？

2）表示“同龄人，同辈”，英文解释为“a person who is of the same age as you”举个🌰：

She didn't mix with her contemporaries, preferring the company of older people.

她不和同龄人在一起，而是喜欢和年长的人相处。

1）表示“对…提出质询；对…表示异议（或怀疑）”，英文解释为“to question whether sth is true and valid”举个🌰：

These figures have been disputed.

有人对这些数字提出了质疑。

2）表示“争论；辩论；争执”，英文解释为“to argue or disagree strongly with sb about sth, especially about who owns sth”举个🌰：

The issue remains hotly disputed.

这个问题至今仍在激烈地辩论中。

3）表示“争夺；竞争”，英文解释为“to fight to get control of sth or to win sth”。

🎬电影《地狱男爵2：黄金军团》（Hellboy II: The Golden Army）中的台词提到：Is there anyone here who would dispute my right? 有人想和我争权吗？

🎬电影《拜见岳父大人3》（Little Fockers）中的台词提到：While I dispute the findings, I appreciate the gesture. 虽然我对结果有质疑 我谢谢你们的好意。

表示“报道；报告；记述；描述”，英文解释为“a written or spoken description of an event”举个🌰：

She gave a thrilling account of her life in the jungle.

她把自己在丛林中生活的经历描述得惊险刺激。

1) 表示“利用，调动（尤指想法、论据等）；有效运用；发挥…的作用”，英文解释为“to use something for a particular purpose, especially ideas, arguments etc”，如：a job in which a variety of professional skills will be deployed 要用到多项专业技术的工作。

2) 表示“部署，调度（士兵、军事装备等）”，英文解释为“to organize or move soldiers, military equipment etc so that they are in the right place and ready to be used”，如：deploy forces/troops/weapons etc，NATO's decision to deploy cruise missiles 北约要部署巡航导弹的决定。

表示“抚养，养育；教育，教养”，英文解释为“the way in which you are treated and educated when young, especially by your parents, especially in relation to the effect that this has on how you behave and make moral decisions”举个🌰：

Is it right to say all the crimes he committed were simply the result of his upbringing?

把他犯下的所有罪行都归罪于他所受到的教育，这样说对吗？

traduce /trəˈduːs/ 表示“强烈批评；（尤指）诽谤，诋毁”，英文解释为“to strongly criticize someone, especially in a way that harms their reputation”

表示“促进；扶助；培养”，英文解释为“to help a plan or a person to develop and be successful”举个🌰：

As a record company executive, his job is to nurture young talent.

作为唱片公司主管，他的职责是培养有才华的年轻人。

Whatever her schooling, Ms Truss got to Oxford University, where she read philosophy, politics and economics and was active in student politics, initially for the Liberal Democrats.

不管她的学校教育如何，特拉斯进入了牛津大学（Oxford University），在那里她读了哲学、政治和经济学，并积极参与学生政治活动，最初是为自由民主党工作的。

At the party's 1994 conference, she spoke in favour of abolishing the monarchy, telling delegates in Brighton: "We Liberal Democrats believe in opportunity for all. We do not believe people are born to rule."

在该党1994年的会议上，她发言支持废除君主制，并在布莱顿（Brighton）告诉代表们：“我们自由民主党相信所有人都有机会。我们不相信人们生来就是为了统治。”

表示“废除，废止”，英文解释为“to end an activity or custom officially”举个🌰：

I think bullfighting should be abolished.

我认为斗牛应该废止。

monarchy /ˈmɒnəkɪ/ 表示“君主政体，君主制，君主国”，也可以指“王室”，英文解释为“The monarchy is used to refer to the monarch and his or her family.”

作名词，表示“（尤指会议的）代表”，英文解释为“a person chosen or elected by a group to speak, vote, etc. for them, especially at a meeting”

作动词，表示“（把…）委派（给…），（把…）委托（给…）；授权（给…）”，英文解释为“to give a particular job, duty, right, etc. to someone else so that they do it for you”举个🌰：

As a boss you have to delegate (responsibilities to your staff).

你作为老板必须要分派工作。

📍政府工作报告中经常出现的简政放权就是：streamline administration and delegate power，

Ms Truss's campaign for the party leadership has not been free of controversy.

特拉斯的党魁竞选并非没有争议。

表示“争议；争论；争辩”，英文解释为“a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people”举个🌰：

There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.

体育界对使用违禁药物争议很大。

Pressed on how she would tackle the cost of living crisis, she has said she will focus her efforts on "lowering the tax burden, not giving out handouts".

在被问及她将如何应对生活成本危机时，她表示将把精力集中在“降低税收负担，而不是发放救济物资”上。

表示“施舍物；救济款”，英文解释为“something such as food, clothing, or money that is given free to someone who has a great need for it”举个🌰：

I'm not interested in government handouts - all I want is a job.

我不稀罕政府施舍的物品，我想要的是一份工作。

She has been forced to scrap a plan to link public sector pay to regional living costs by a backlash from senior Tories who said it would mean lower pay for millions of workers outside London.

由于保守党高层的强烈反对，她被迫放弃了将体制内薪酬与地区生活成本挂钩的计划，他们表示，这将意味着伦敦以外数百万员工的薪酬降低。

1）表示“废弃；取消；抛弃；报废”，英文解释为“to cancel or get rid of sth that is no longer practical or useful”举个🌰：

They had been forced to scrap plans for a new school building.

他们已被迫撤销了建筑新校舍的计划。

2）表示“打架”，英文解释为“to fight with sb”举个🌰：

The bigger boys started scrapping.

年龄较大的男孩打了起来。

📍2019年9月份，经济学人（The Economist）的一篇关于美政府拟撤销奥巴马时期甲烷排放规定的文章中，就以「Energy companies are divided over a plan to scrap methane-emission rules」为题，用到了scrap这个词。

而在引言（unwind Obama-era environmental regulations）中则用unwind来替换scrap这一含义。

📍unwind一词表示“解开；放松”，英文解释为“To undo (a financial arrangement or position) through the neessary legal or financial steps. If you unwind a length of something that is wrapped around something else or around itself, you loosen it and make it straight. You can also say that it unwinds.”举个🌰：

One of them unwound a length of rope from around his waist. 他们中的一个人解开绕在他腰间的一条绳子。

表示“强烈抵制，集体反对”，英文解释为“a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society”如：the male backlash against feminism 男性对女权主义的强烈反应。

📺美剧《无耻之徒》（Shameless）第一季中的台词提到：There will be a backlash if people don't stop 字幕组翻译为：如果人们不停止...的话，迟早会出大事。

And she called Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon an "attention seeker", adding it was best to "ignore her".

她称苏格兰首席大臣尼古拉·斯特金（Nicola Sturgeon）是个“渴求关注的人”，并补充说最好“忽略她”。

However, polls suggest she is more popular among party members than her rival Rishi Sunak.

然而，民意调查显示，她在党内成员中比她的竞争对手里希·苏纳克更受欢迎。

Some have suggested that Ms Truss, through her outfits - such as a fur hat and a white bow - is trying to emulate another Tory favourite - Mrs Thatcher.

一些人认为特拉斯通过她的装束——比如毛皮帽和白色蝴蝶结——试图模仿另一个保守党的宠儿——撒切尔夫人。

outfit表示“全套服装，装束（尤指为某场合或目的）”（a set of clothes that you wear together, especially for a particular occasion or purpose）如：a wedding outfit 一套结婚礼服。

表示“（动物的）毛，毛皮”，英文解释为“the thick hair that covers the bodies of some animals, or the hair-covered skin(s) of animals, removed from their bodies”举个🌰：

She stroked the rabbit's soft fur.

她轻抚着兔子身上软软的毛。

作动词，表示“（使）鞠躬；（使）欠身；点头致意”，英文解释为“to bend your head or body forward, especially as a way of showing someone respect or expressing thanks to people who have watched you perform”举个🌰：

They bowed to the Queen.

他们向女王鞠躬。

作名词，熟词僻义，表示“蝴蝶结；环状装饰结”，英文解释为“a knot with two curved parts and two loose ends, used as a decoration or to tie shoes”举个🌰：

I tied the ribbon around the present in a pretty bow.

我用丝带在包裹上打了一个漂亮的蝴蝶结。

表示“效仿；努力赶上；同…竞争”，英文解释为“to try to do sth as well as sb else because you admire them；If you emulate something or someone, you imitate them because you admire them a great deal.”举个🌰：

She hopes to emulate her sister's sporting achievements.

她希望在运动成绩方面赶上她姐姐。

Ms Truss has dismissed this, telling GB News: "It is quite frustrating that female politicians always get compared to Margaret Thatcher while male politicians don't get compared to Ted Heath."

特拉斯对此不屑一顾，她告诉英国新闻频道（GB News）：“女性政治家总是被比作玛格丽特·撒切尔，而男性政治家却没有被比作泰德·希思（Ted Heath），这非常令人沮丧。”

1）表示“对…不予理会，摒弃，（从头脑中）去除”，英文解释为“to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering”举个🌰：

I think he'd dismissed me as an idiot within five minutes of meeting me.

我认为他和我见面5分钟后就把我归入了傻瓜之列。

2）表示“解雇；免职；开除”，英文解释为“to officially remove sb from their job”举个🌰：

She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.

她声称自己被无理免职。

3）表示“（常指法官因证据不足而）驳回，不受理”，英文解释为“When a judge dismisses a court case, he or she formally stops the trial, often because there is not enough proof that someone is guilty.”举个🌰：

The defending lawyer asked that the charge against his client be dismissed.

辩护律师请求驳回对其委托人的指控。

But such comparisons are not, perhaps, an obvious disadvantage when it comes to garnering support from Conservative Party members.

但是，在争取保守党成员的支持方面，这种比较也许并不是一个明显的劣势。

garner /ˈɡɑːnə/ 表示“获得；收集”，英文解释为“If someone has garnered something useful or valuable, they have gained it or collected it.”举个🌰：

He has garnered extensive support for his proposals.

他为他的提议赢得了广泛的支持。

🎬电影《斯隆女士》（Miss Sloane）中的台词提到：But I'll tell you, the reputation you have garnered for yourself, we were just looking for an excuse to engage you. 但实话讲你蜚声于世 我们想找到能打动你的理由。

- 今日盘点 -

mock

general election

recall

the hustings

for real

Conservative

trail

Chancellor

Tory

MP

bookmaker

favourite

constituency

premiership

conventional

left-wing

march

disarmament

vehemently

warhead

install

RAF

board game

decamp

let sb down

contemporary

dispute

account

deploy

upbringing

traduce

nurture

abolish

monarchy

delegate

controversy

handout

scrap

backlash

outfit

fur

bow

emulate

dismiss

garner

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2022政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

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