鼠身去哪了？

近日，江西工业职业技术学院食堂异物究竟是鼠头还是鸭脖引发热议。今天，江西发布通报称，根据国内权威动物专家对提取的当事学生所拍现场照片和视频进行专业辨识，判定异物为老鼠类啮齿动物的头部。

🤔️小作业：

A. Haphazard B. Rigorous

C. Expeditious D. Indecisive

A. To laud the college for accepting their mistake.

B. To understand and address the reasons behind the initial misleading narrative.

C. To ensure strict food safety standards in educational institutions.

D. To demand resignation of officials involved in the scandal.

无注释原文：

In a Reckoning with Culinary Deception: Jiangxi Province Unravels Egregious Food Scandal

By ChatGPT

In an unexpected turn of events, a provincial investigation team in Jiangxi Province, Eastern China, unveiled a revolting discovery that has sent shockwaves through the community and prompted an extensive, province-wide food safety campaign. The team, assembled posthaste after public outcry, has now confirmed that an aberrant item found in a college canteen dish was, in fact, the severed head of a rat, and not a duck neck as was initially asserted by local authorities.

Comprising representatives from an assortment of government bodies – including education, public security, and market supervision and regulation authorities – the ad hoc team embarked upon their quest for truth when the local market watchdog's conclusions were besieged by a torrent of skepticism and vitriol online.

In a meticulous, almost forensic examination of the canteen’s surveillance footage, the investigation team unearthed damning evidence: the contentious object was discarded by canteen staff on the day of the discovery. An assiduous round of interviews ensued, encompassing not only canteen and kitchen overseers but also the unsuspecting student who stumbled upon the ghastly find and the cohort of witnesses to the incident.

A coterie of zoology savants, enlisted to analyze photographs and video footage furnished by the student, delivered the conclusion: the object was unequivocally identified as the decapitated head of a rodent, likely a rat.

The college and the market oversight authority of Gaoxin district, Nanchang, are implicated in a dereliction of duty. Their reckless dismissal of empirical evidence and subsequent dissemination of an erroneous narrative was unequivocally condemned by the task force. In a veritable hammer blow, the canteen’s operating certificate has been suspended, and the parent company, along with its legal custodian, has been saddled with the apogee of punitive measures.

In tandem, the college and the district market watchdog have been served with statutory penalties. Furthermore, a sweeping campaign to bolster food safety standards is set to cascade through Jiangxi Province.

In the aftermath, the college expediently purged from its website an earlier communique that mendaciously identified the object as a duck neck.

Observers laud the indefatigable diligence and integrity displayed by the task force in unearthing the truth. Concurrently, they implore a solemn introspection into the murky motivations that possibly underpinned the perfunctory and misleading narrative initially advanced by the college and the local market watchdog. It is imperative, they argue, to meticulously ascertain and address the root causes behind such ignoble deeds.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

In a Reckoning with Culinary Deception: Jiangxi Province Unravels Egregious Food Scandal

By ChatGPT

In an unexpected turn of events, a provincial investigation team in Jiangxi Province, Eastern China, unveiled a revolting discovery that has sent shockwaves through the community and prompted an extensive, province-wide food safety campaign. The team, assembled posthaste after public outcry, has now confirmed that an aberrant item found in a college canteen dish was, in fact, the severed head of a rat, and not a duck neck as was initially asserted by local authorities.

在一系列出乎意料的事件进展中，中国东部江西省一支省级调查组揭露了一项令人作呕的发现。这一发现在社会上引起了轰动，并在全省范围内掀起了一场大规模食品安全运动。在公众的强烈要求下，紧急成立的调查组现已证实，在一所大学食堂的菜肴中发现的异物实际上是鼠头，而非地方有关部门最初声称的鸭脖。

1）表示“ 为…揭幕；揭开…上的覆盖物；拉开…的帷幔”，英文解释为“to remove a cover or curtain from a painting, statue, etc. so that it can be seen in public for the first time”举个🌰：She unveiled a plaque to mark the official opening of the hospital. 她主持揭幕式，标志着医院正式启用。

2）表示“（首次）展示，介绍，推出；将…公之于众”，英文解释为“to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the public for the first time”举个🌰：They will be unveiling their new models at the Motor Show. 他们将在汽车大展上首次推出自己的新型汽车。

🎬电影《复仇者联盟1》（The Avengers）中的台词提到：We look beyond the Earth to the greater worlds the Tesseract will unveil. 而我们则放眼地球之外 那些将被宇宙魔方开启的更广博的世界。

🎬电影《超人高校》（Sky High）中的台词提到：We can't unveil the Stronghold Three without Will. 我们不能在威尔（Will）不在场时 向大家介绍斯特朗霍德三侠（Stronghold Three）。

作名词，1）表示“（计算机屏幕上的）提示符（显示计算机已经准备好接受指令）”，英文解释为“a sign on a computer screen that shows that the computer is ready to receive your instructions”

2）表示“（给演员的）提词，提白”，英文解释为“words that are spoken to an actor who has forgotten what he or she is going to say during the performance of a play”

3）作动词，表示“促使；导致；激起”，英文解释为“to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen”举个🌰：His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd. 他的讲话激起了人群中一男子的愤怒。

📺美剧《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》（Spartacus: Blood and Sand）中的台词提到：One cannot but wonder what would prompt such an act 不知他们为何遭此不幸。

4）作动词，表示“（尤指）给（演员）提词”，英文解释为“to help someone, especially an actor, to remember what they were going to say or do”举个🌰：I forgot my line and had to be prompted. 我忘词了，只好让人提词。

revolting /rɪˈvəʊl.tɪŋ/ 表示“极其讨厌的；使人反感的；令人作呕的”，英文解释为“extremely unpleasant”如：a revolting smell of rotting cabbage 腐烂卷心菜令人作呕的味道。

assemble /əˈsembl/ 1）表示“集合，聚集；收集”，英文解释为“to come together in a single place or bring parts together in a single group”举个🌰：We assembled in the meeting room after lunch. 午饭后我们在会议室集合。

2）表示“组装；装配”，英文解释为“to make something by joining separate parts”如：furniture that is easy to assemble 易于组装的家具。

posthaste /ˌpəʊstˈheɪst/ 表示“尽快地，急忙地”，英文解释为“as fast as possible”举个🌰：They travelled posthaste to Beijing to collect the award. 他们急急忙忙地赶到北京去领奖。

表示“呐喊；大声疾呼”，英文解释为“An outcry is a reaction of strong disapproval and anger shown by the public or media about a recent event.”举个🌰：The killing caused an international outcry. 该起谋杀引起了国际上强烈的不满。

aberrant /əˈber.ənt/ 表示“违反常规的；反常的；异常的（尤指不能接受的）”，英文解释为“different from what is typical or usual, especially in an unacceptable way”如：aberrant behaviour 反常行为。

sever /ˈsev.ər/ 1）表示“中断，断绝（联系）”，英文解释为“to end a connection with someone or something”举个🌰：The US severed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961. 美国于1961年断绝了与古巴的外交关系。

2）表示“弄断；分开；（尤指）切断，割断”，英文解释为“to break or separate, especially by cutting”举个🌰：Electricity cables have been severed by the storm. 风暴弄断了电缆。

1）表示“（坚决）主张；断言”，英文解释为“to state firmly that something is true”举个🌰：French cooking, she asserted, is the best in the world. 她坚称法国菜是世界上最好的。

2）表示“维护自己的权利（或权威）”，英文解释为“to make other people recognize your right or authority to do sth, by behaving firmly and confidently”，如：to assert your independence/rights 维护你的独立/权利。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情带来的影响的文章中提到：That will make it harder for strong firms to assert their advantage. 这将使大公司更难发挥优势。

Comprising representatives from an assortment of government bodies – including education, public security, and market supervision and regulation authorities – the ad hoc team embarked upon their quest for truth when the local market watchdog's conclusions were besieged by a torrent of skepticism and vitriol online.

当地市场监管局的结论受到了网络上大量质疑和指责时，由教育、公安和市场监管机构等多个省政府部门代表组成的联合调查组开始了对真相的调查。

表示“包含；由…组成”，英文解释为“If you say that something comprises or is comprised of a number of things or people, you mean it has them as its parts or members.”举个🌰：The class is comprised mainly of Chinese and Japanese students. 这个班主要由中国和日本学生组成。

🎬电影《拉瑞·克劳》（Larry Crowne）中的台词提到：They comprise 20% of the world's fresh surface water supply. 它们提供了地球表面百分之二十的淡水。

表示“各种各样；混合；什锦”，英文解释为“a group of different types of something”如：an assortment of vegetables 什锦菜蔬。

ad hoc /ˌæd ˈhɒk/ 表示“特别的；专门的；临时安排的”，英文解释为“made or happening only for a particular purpose or need, not planned before it happens”如：an ad hoc committee/meeting 特别委员会/会议。

embark on/upon sth 表示“开始，着手做（新的或重要的事情）”，英文解释为“to start something new or important”如：embark on a new journey 开启新征程，举个🌰：We're embarking upon a new project later this year. 今年晚些时候我们会启动一个新项目。

表示“探索；寻求；追求”，英文解释为“a long search for something that is difficult to find, or an attempt to achieve something difficult”举个🌰：Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth. 没有什么可以阻止他们对真理的追求。

表示“（监督公司活动及监护人们权利的）监督人，监察团体；监察员；监察委员会”，英文解释为“A watchdog is a person or committee whose job is to make sure that companies do not act illegally or irresponsibly.”如：an anticrime watchdog group funded by New York businesses 一个由纽约商界资助的反犯罪监察组织。

besiege /bɪˈsiːdʒ/ 1）表示“围攻；围困”，英文解释为“to surround a place, especially with an army, to prevent people or supplies getting in or out”举个🌰：The town had been besieged for two months but still resisted the aggressors. 该城虽已被围困了两个月，但仍然把侵略者拒之城外。

2）表示“烦扰；使应接不暇”，英文解释为“to make many requests or complaints about something”举个🌰：After showing the controversial documentary, the channel was besieged with phone calls from angry viewers. 在播放了一部有争议的纪录片之后，这家电视台就不断收到愤怒的观众的电话。

本义表示“急流；激流；湍流”，引申为表示“（漫骂或问题的）迸发；连发；狂潮”，英文解释为“A torrent of abuse or questions is a lot of abuse or questions directed continuously at someone.”如：a torrent of words 滔滔不绝的话语，举个🌰：He turned around and directed a torrent of abuse at me. 他转过身对我破口大骂了一通。

In a meticulous, almost forensic examination of the canteen’s surveillance footage, the investigation team unearthed damning evidence: the contentious object was discarded by canteen staff on the day of the discovery. An assiduous round of interviews ensued, encompassing not only canteen and kitchen overseers but also the unsuspecting student who stumbled upon the ghastly find and the cohort of witnesses to the incident.

调查组对食堂的监控视频进行了细致入微、近乎法医般的核查后，发现了确凿的证据：事发当日，食堂工作人员丢弃了那个引发争议的异物。紧接着进行了一轮细致的访谈，不仅包括食堂负责人、后厨相关当事人，还包括那位偶然发现这个骇人异物的当事学生，以及目击该事件的一群人。

meticulous /mɪˈtɪkjʊləs/ 表示“严谨的，一丝不苟的；非常注意细节的”，英文解释为“very careful and with great attention to every detail”举个🌰：Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book. 为写此书，已投入了大量时间做细致的前期准备。

forensic /fəˈren.zɪk/ 表示“法医的”，英文解释为“related to scientific methods of solving crimes, involving examining the objects or substances that are involved in the crime”如：forensic evidence/medicine/science 法医证据/学/科学。

surveillance /sɜːˈveɪləns/ 表示“监视，盯梢，监控”，英文解释为“Surveillance is the careful watching of someone, especially by an organization such as the police or the army.”

作动词，1）表示“挖掘；发掘；使出土”，英文解释为“to find sth in the ground by digging”；

2）表示“（经努力）发现”，英文解释为“If someone unearths facts or evidence, they discover them with difficulty.”举个🌰：A private detective has unearthed some fresh evidence. 一个私家侦探已经找到了新的证据。

damning /ˈdæm.ɪŋ/ 表示“（报告、调查结果、评论等）毫不留情的，谴责的；（证据）确凿的”，英文解释为“A damning report, judgment, remark, etc. that includes a lot of criticism or shows clearly that someone is wrong, guilty, or has behaved very badly.”举个🌰：The two men were convicted on some extremely damning evidence. 那两个人因犯罪证据确凿而被定罪。

contentious /kənˈtɛnʃəs/ 表示“引起争议的”，英文解释为“A contentious issue causes a lot of disagreement or arguments.”举个🌰：Sanctions are expected to be among the most contentious issues. 制裁预计位居最具有争议的问题之列。

表示“丢弃”，英文解释为“If you discard something, you get rid of it because you no longer want it or need it.”举个🌰：Read the manufacturer's guidelines before discarding the box. 先阅读制造商的说明书再把盒子丢掉。

📺 美剧《黑名单》（The Blacklist）第一季中的台词提到：We use it once, and then we discard them. 我们用一次 就丢掉。

assiduous /əˈsɪdʒ.u.əs/ 表示“专心致志的；兢兢业业的；勤勉的”，英文解释为“showing hard work, care, and attention to detail”如：assiduous research/efforts 锲而不舍的研究/努力。

ensue /ɪnˈsjuː/ 表示“（尤指作为结果而）接着发生，继而发生，因而产生”，英文解释为“to happen after something else, especially as a result of it”举个🌰：The police officer said that he had placed the man under arrest and that a scuffle had ensued. 那名警察说他逮捕了那个男子后随即发生了扭打。

表示“包含，包括（尤指很多不同事物）”，英文解释为“to include different types of things”举个🌰：The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre, and ballet to literature, cinema, and the visual arts. 本届文化节将涵盖从音乐、戏剧、芭蕾到文学、电影、视觉艺术等各种艺术形式。

1）作名词，表示“犯错；失足”，英文解释为“a false step, trip, or blunder / the act of stumbling”。

2）作动词，表示“踉跄；绊脚”，英文解释为“If you stumble, you put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running and nearly fall over.”举个🌰：He stumbled and almost fell. 他绊了一下，差点儿摔倒。

3）固定搭配：stumble on / across / upon sth，表示“偶然发现（碰见）”，英文解释为“to find or discover something by chance and unexpectedly”，举个🌰：Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson's disease. 研究人员偶然发现了一种药物，也许可以治疗帕金森病。

ghastly /ˈɡɑːst.li/ 表示“可怕的；令人震惊的”，英文解释为“unpleasant and shocking”举个🌰：Today's newspaper gives all the ghastly details of the murder. 今天的报纸刊登了谋杀案的全部细节，令人毛骨悚然。

cohort /ˈkoʊ.hɔːrt/ 表示“有共同特点（通常指年龄）的一群人”，英文解释为“a group of people who share a characteristic, usually age”举个🌰：This study followed up a cohort of 100 patients aged 65+ for six months after their discharge home. 这项研究对100位年龄在65岁以上、出院回家的患者进行了6个月的跟踪观察。

A coterie of zoology savants, enlisted to analyze photographs and video footage furnished by the student, delivered the conclusion: the object was unequivocally identified as the decapitated head of a rodent, likely a rat.

调查组还请了动物专家分析学生所拍照片和视频，判定异物为老鼠类啮齿动物的头部。

coterie /ˈkəʊ.tər.i/ 表示“（有共同兴趣、常排外的）小圈子，小团体，小集团”，英文解释为“a small group of people with shared interests, often one that does not want other people to join them”如：a coterie of writers 作家小圈子。

savant /ˈsæv.ənt/ 表示“（尤指在其他方面缺乏能力的）博学之士，学者，专家”，英文解释为“a person with a high level of knowledge or skill, especially someone who is less able in other ways”

1) 表示“谋求（某人的帮助）”，英文解释为“to persuade someone to help you to do something”，如：enlist sb’s help/services etc，举个🌰：He has enlisted the help of a sports psychologist for the team. 他为球队请了一位运动心理学家来帮忙。

2) 表示“参军，入伍”，英文解释为“to join the army, navy etc”举个🌰：At the outbreak of war, he was enlisted in the army. 战争爆发后，他参加了陆军。

1）表示“装潢；布置（房间、建筑物）”，英文解释为“If you furnish a room or building, you put furniture and furnishings into it.”举个🌰：The room was furnished with antiques. 房间里摆放了古董。

2）表示“提供”，英文解释为“If you furnish someone with something, you provide or supply it.”举个🌰：They'll be able to furnish you with the rest of the details. 他们将能够给你提供其余的细节。

unequivocally /ˌʌn.ɪˈkwɪv.ə.kəl.i/ 表示“毫不含糊地; 明确地，肯定地”，英文解释为“in a way that is total, or expressed very clearly with no doubt”举个🌰：She unequivocally denied the allegations. 她明确地否认了这些指控。

decapitate /dɪˈkæp.ɪ.teɪt/ 表示“把…斩首，砍…的头”，英文解释为“to cut off the head of a person”

表示“啮齿动物（如老鼠等）”，英文解释为“any of various small mammals with large, sharp front teeth, such as mice and rats”

The college and the market oversight authority of Gaoxin district, Nanchang, are implicated in a dereliction of duty. Their reckless dismissal of empirical evidence and subsequent dissemination of an erroneous narrative was unequivocally condemned by the task force. In a veritable hammer blow, the canteen’s operating certificate has been suspended, and the parent company, along with its legal custodian, has been saddled with the apogee of punitive measures.

该校和南昌高新区市场监管局涉嫌玩忽职守。调查组严厉谴责了他们对事实证据的鲁莽无视以及随后对错误结论的散布。食堂食品经营许可证被无限期吊销，其所属企业及法定代表人也将受到了顶格处罚。

表示“牵连，涉及”，英文解释为“to show that someone is involved in a crime or partly responsible for something bad that has happened”举个🌰：Have they any evidence to implicate him in the robbery? 他们有证据表明他涉嫌抢劫案吗？

📍be implicated in表示“牵涉其中的；负有责任的”，英文解释为“If someone or something is implicated in a crime or a bad situation, they are involved in it or responsible for it.”

dereliction /ˌder.əˈlɪk.ʃən/ 表示“玩忽职守，渎职”，英文解释为“(a) failure to do what you should do”举个🌰：What you did was a grave dereliction of duty. 你的所作所为是严重的渎职。

表示“鲁莽的；轻率的；不顾后果的”，英文解释为“showing a lack of care about danger and the possible results of your actions”举个🌰：He showed a reckless disregard for his own safety. 他对个人安危全然无所顾忌。

empirical /ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“以经验（或实验）为依据的；经验主义的；来自经验（或观察）的”，英文解释为“based on what is experienced or seen rather than on theory”举个🌰：This theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical data/evidence. 这个理论需要翔实的实验数据/实践经验来支持。

表示“随后的；后来的；之后的；接后的”，英文解释为“happening or coming after sth else”举个🌰：Subsequent events confirmed our doubts. 后来发生的事证实了我们的怀疑。

dissemination /dɪˌsem.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ 名词，动词形式disseminate /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/ 表示“散布；传播”，英文解释为“To disseminate information or knowledge means to distribute it so that it reaches many people or organizations.”举个🌰：Their findings have been widely disseminated. 他们的研究成果已经广为传播。

🎬电影《疯狂父母》（Mom and Dad）第五季中的台词提到：the last thing we want to do is disseminate any information 我们最不想做的就是散布信息。

🎬电影《美国队长3：英雄内战》（Captain America: Civil War）第五季中的台词提到："To generate, disseminate..." and preserve knowledge. 生成、传播，保护知识。

erroneous /ɪˈrəʊ.ni.əs/ 表示“错误的，不正确的”，英文解释为“wrong or false”如：an erroneous belief/impression 错误的信念/印象

表示“（通常指出于道义而）谴责，指责”，英文解释为“to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons”举个🌰：The terrorist action has been condemned as an act of barbarism and cowardice. 人们谴责这一恐怖行径是野蛮和懦弱的行为。

🎬电影《英伦对决》（The Foreigner）中的台词提到：And I condemn these acts of violence, but I can't help you. 对这些暴力行为我表示谴责，但我帮不了你。

veritable /ˈver.ɪ.tə.bəl/ 表示“十足的，不折不扣的；名副其实的”，英文解释为“used to describe something as another, more exciting, interesting, or unusual thing, as a way of emphasizing its character”举个🌰：My garden had become a veritable jungle by the time I came back from holiday. 我度假回来的时候，我的花园简直是杂草丛生。

表示“锤击：用锤子猛击的动作，通常用于敲打物体或表达某种强烈的打击”，英文解释为“something that causes serious damage or harm”

1）表示“（因犯错而）暂令停职；暂令停学；暂令停止参加活动”，英文解释为“If someone is suspended from work, school, etc., they are temporarily not allowed to work, go to school, or take part in an activity because of having done something wrong.”举个🌰：He was suspended for four games after arguing with the referee. 跟裁判发生争执之后，他被停赛4场。

2）表示“暂停”，英文解释为“If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it”举个🌰：The union suspended the action this week. 工会本周暂停了这一行动。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述英国房价上涨的文章中提到：Britain has temporarily suspended stamp duty, a tax on buying houses. 英国已经暂停征收购房印花税。

3）表示“悬挂”，英文解释为“to hang”举个🌰：The builders worked on wooden platforms, suspended by ropes from the roof of the building. 建筑工人站在用绳子从房顶上吊下来的木制平台上作业。

custodian /kʌsˈtəʊ.di.ən/ 表示“监护人；监管人；看护人；保管人”，英文解释为“a person with responsibility for protecting or taking care of something or keeping something in good condition”如：the custodian of a museum/castle 博物馆/城堡的看护人。

saddle /ˈsæd.əl/ sb with sth表示“使（某人）负担，使（某人）承担（重任或难题）”，英文解释为“to give someone a responsibility or problem that they do not want and that will cause them a lot of work or difficulty”举个🌰：The company is saddled with debt. 公司负债累累。

apogee /ˈæp.ə.dʒiː/ 表示“（成功、流行、权力等的）顶峰，顶点，最高点”，英文解释为“the most successful, popular, or powerful point”

In tandem, the college and the district market watchdog have been served with statutory penalties. Furthermore, a sweeping campaign to bolster food safety standards is set to cascade through Jiangxi Province.

同时，该校和地区市场监管局将受到法定处罚。此外，一场旨在加强食品安全标准的大规模运动即将在江西省范围内展开。

表示“协同地，联合地；同时”，英文解释为“at the same time；If two pieces of equipment, people, etc. are working in tandem, they are working together, especially well or closely.”举个🌰：I want these two groups to work/operate in tandem on this project. 我希望这两个小组联合做这个项目。

statutory /ˈstætʃ.ə.tər.i/ 表示“法定的”，英文解释为“decided or controlled by law”如：statutory obligations 法定义务。

作形容词，1）表示“影响广泛的；大范围的；根本性的；意义深远的”，英文解释为“having an important effect on a large part of sth”如：sweeping changes 彻底变化，举个🌰：They were given sweeping powers to search homes. 他们授予入户搜查的极大权力。

🎬电影《沉默》（Silence）中的台词提到：He wrote those words during the most sweeping persecution of all. 他写下这些话时 正经历着最为残酷的迫害。

2）sweeping statement/generalization 表示“泛泛之谈；一概而论的说法；过于笼统的概括”，英文解释为“something that you say or write that is too general and that has not been carefully thought about”举个🌰：Sweeping generalizations about this complex and difficult situation are not helpful. 对这种复杂困难的情形作泛泛之谈是没有用的。

📍sweep作动词，可以表示“风行，风靡，迅速蔓延，迅速传播；席卷；横扫”，英文解释为“to quickly spread through and influence an area”举个🌰：A flu epidemic is sweeping through Moscow. 一场流感正在莫斯科迅速传播。

📺电视剧《王冠》（The Crown）中的台词提到：Independence is sweeping across the continent. 席卷这片大陆。

📺动画片《辛普森一家》（The Simpsons）中的台词提到：A plague is sweeping through Springfield. 一场瘟疫正席卷斯普林菲尔德。

bolster /ˈbəʊl.stər/ 表示“支撑；加固；提高；改善；加强”，英文解释为“to improve sth or make it stronger”如：to bolster sb's confidence/courage/morale 增加某人的信心/勇气/士气，举个🌰：Hopes of an early cut in interest rates bolstered confidence. 提前降低利率的希望增强了信心。

🎬电影《塞尔拉·伯格斯是废柴》（Sierra Burgess Is a Loser）中的台词提到：I was wondering if you had any suggestions on how to bolster my resume. 想问问 对提升我的简历你有没有什么意见？

cascade /kæsˈkeɪd/ 1）表示“如瀑布般下落；大量倾泻”，英文解释为“to fall quickly and in large amounts”举个🌰：Coins cascaded from/out of the fruit machine. 大量硬币从吃角子老虎机中倾泻而出。

2）表示“逐层传递；传播；传达”，英文解释为“to pass on information by giving it to just a few people, who then give it to more people; to be passed on in this way”举个🌰：Guest information is cascaded through employee shift briefings. 客人信息是在员工轮班简报时传达的。

In the aftermath, the college expediently purged from its website an earlier communique that mendaciously identified the object as a duck neck.

事件发生后，该校迅速从其网站上删除了一份早先声称该异物是鸭脖的公告。

表示“（战争、事故、不快事情的）后果，创伤；（不快事件）结束后的一个时期”，英文解释为“The aftermath of an important event, especially a harmful one, is the situation that results from it.”举个🌰：A lot of rebuilding took place in the aftermath of the war. 战后进行了大量的重建工作。

expediently /ɪkˈspiː.di.ənt.li/ 表示“方便地；权宜地；合算地”，英文解释为“in a way that is helpful or useful in a particular situation, but sometimes not morally acceptable”举个🌰：We were looking to get something done expediently. 我们希望能方便地把事情办了。

1）可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“清除，清洗，肃清（对手或反对者）”，英文解释为“to force people to leave a place or organization because the people in power do not like them”；

2）也可以指“清除（有害或不可接受之物）”，英文解释为：to remove something that is thought to be harmful or unacceptable，举个🌰：He closed his eyes and lay still, trying to purge his mind of anxiety. 他闭上眼睛躺着不动，试图清除心里的焦虑。

📺美剧《美国恐怖故事》（American Horror Story: Asylum）第二季中的台词提到：I'll purge the demon myself. 我来净化这个邪灵。

communiqué /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪ/ 表示“公报，官报”，英文解释为“an official piece of news or an announcement, especially to the public or newspapers”举个🌰：The palace has issued a communiqué denying the rumour. 王室已发布了辟谣的公报。

表示“撒谎地，不真实地”，英文解释为“in a way that is dishonest or untrue”

Observers laud the responsible attitude displayed by the task force in unearthing the truth. Concurrently, they implore a solemn introspection into the murky motivations that possibly underpinned the perfunctory and misleading narrative initially advanced by the college and the local market watchdog. It is imperative, they argue, to meticulously ascertain and address the root causes behind such ignoble deeds.

吃瓜群众称赞联合调查组在揭露真相过程中展现的负责任态度。与此同时，他们敦促对可能支撑校方和当地市场监管局最初提出的草率和误导性结论的不明动机进行深刻反思。他们认为，必须仔细查明和解决这些不光彩行为背后的根源。

表示“称赞，赞美”，英文解释为“to praise someone or something”举个🌰：He lauded the work of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 他赞扬了联合国难民事务高级专员的工作。

implore /ɪmˈplɔːr/ 1）表示“恳求（某人）（不）做…，哀求（某人）（不）做…”，英文解释为“to ask someone to do or not do something in a very sincere, emotional, and determined way”举个🌰：She implored her parents not to send her away to school. 她哀求父母不要送她上学。

2）表示“恳求得到（某物），祈求得到（某物）”，英文解释为“to ask for something in a sincere and emotional way”举个🌰：She clasped her hands, and glancing upward, seemed to implore divine assistance. 她双手紧握，眼睛看着上方，似乎在祈求上天的帮助。

introspection /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/ 表示“自省，反省”，英文解释为“examination of and attention to your own ideas, thoughts, and feelings”举个🌰：His defeat in the world championship led to a long period of gloomy introspection. 世界锦标赛上失败后，他长期处于郁郁寡欢和自我反省之中。

murky /ˈmɜː.ki/ 1）表示“黑暗的；不清楚的；肮脏的”，英文解释为“dark and dirty or difficult to see through”举个🌰：The river was brown and murky after the storm. 暴风雨过后，河水变成了褐色，浑浊不清。

2）表示“（形势）复杂难懂的，不明朗的”，英文解释为“used to describe a situation that is complicated and unpleasant, and about which many facts are not clear”举个🌰：He became involved in the murky world of international drug-dealing. 他卷入了阴暗复杂的跨国贩毒生意中。

表示“加强，巩固，构成（…的基础等）”，英文解释为“to support or form the basis of an argument, a claim, etc.”举个🌰：The report is underpinned by extensive research. 这份报告以广泛的研究为基础。

perfunctory /pəˈfʌŋk.tər.i/ 表示“草率的；马虎的；敷衍的”，英文解释为“done quickly, without taking care or interest”举个🌰：His smile was perfunctory. 他的笑容很敷衍。

1）作形容词，表示“至关重要的；紧急的；迫切的”，英文解释为“If it is imperative that something be done, that thing is extremely important and must be done.”，举个🌰：It was imperative that he act as naturally as possible. 至关重要的是他要尽可能地自然行事。

2）作名词，表示“重要紧急的事；必要的事；需要”，英文解释为“a thing that is very important and needs immediate attention or action”。

ascertain /ˌæs.əˈteɪn/ 表示“弄清，确定，查明”，英文解释为“to discover something”举个🌰：The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion. 警方到目前为止尚未查明爆炸原因。

ignoble /ɪɡˈnəʊ.bəl/ 表示“卑鄙的，可耻的”，英文解释为“morally bad and making you feel ashamed”如：an ignoble action/idea 卑鄙的行为/想法。

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