语言教学 | 普渡大学写作教学系列Research&Citation50-Chicago Style-Interviews
提示：点击上方"英语写作教学与研究"免费关注哦
征稿：二语写作
Chicago Style
1、General Format -- Interviews and Personal Communication
In citations for interviews and personal communications, the name of the person interviewed or the person from whom the communication is received should be listed first. This is followed by the name of the interviewer or recipient, if given, and supplemented by details regarding the place and date of the interview/communication. Unpublished interviews and personal communications (such as face-to-face or telephone conversations, letters, emails, or text messages) are best cited in-text or in notes rather than in the bibliography. Published interviews should be cited like periodical articles or book chapters.
Interviews with anonymous sources can be cited without including the name of the source–e.g. “anonymous informant #3” or “recreational psilocybin user”–but you must explain in the text why you are not giving the name of your source.
Unpublished Interviews
Note: If the interview is unpublished, but there is a transcript or recording available, you should include information as to where said transcript/recording can be found. This can be as simple as a URL, or as complex as a location in an institutional archive; the latter is shown in the example below.
N:
1. Alex Smith (retired plumber) in discussion with the author, January 2017.
2. Frederick L. Hovde, interview by Robert B. Eckles, July 23, 1972, interview 8, transcript and recording, Purdue University Office of Publications Oral History Program collection, MSO 2, Series 1, Sub-Series 16, File 8, Purdue University Archives and Special Collections.
Published or Broadcast Interviews
An interview published in a print medium is cited much like a periodical, as seen in the first example. An interview broadcast on television, radio, or similar has its own format, as follows:
N:
3. Firstname Lastname, interview by Firstname Lastname, Title of Broadcasting Program, Publisher, date.
B:
Lastname Firstname. Title of Broadcasting Program. By Firstname Lastname. Publisher, date.
This is shown in the second example.
N:
4. Natasha Trethewy, “Dissection and Other Kinds of Love,” interview by Lindsey Alexander, Sycamore Review, no. 24 (Winter/Spring 2012): 35.
5. Carrie Rodriguez, interview by Cuz Frost, Acoustic Café, 88.3 WGWG FM, November 20, 2008.
B:
Trethewy, Natasha. “Dissection and Other Kinds of Love.” By Lindsey Alexander. Sycamore Review, no. 24 (Winter/Spring 2012): 31-45.
Rodriguez, Carrie. Acoustic Café. By Cuz Frost. 88.3 WGWG FM, November 20, 2008.
Personal Communications
Personal communications are usually referenced within the text or a note. They rarely appear as bibliographic entries. Do not include the e-mail address or other contact information through which the communication was conducted unless it is necessary and you have the source’s permission.
N:
1. Patricia Burns, email message to author, December 15, 2017.
2、General Format -- Legal, Public and Unpublished Materials
General Guidelines for Public and Unpublished Materials
Notes and bibliographic entries for public documents, like other documents, should include the elements needed to locate the items. These essential elements often include the following:
Country, city, state, province, county, etc.
Legislative body, executive department, court, bureau, board commission or committee, etc.
Subsidiary divisions
Title, if any, of the document or collection
Individual author (editor or compiler), if given
Report number or any other identification necessary or useful in finding the specific document
Publisher, if different from issuing body
Footnote or Endnote (N):
1. Firstname Lastname, “Title of Document” (source type identifier, Place of Publication, year of publication), page number(s).
Corresponding Bibliographic Entry (B):
Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Document.” Source type identifier, Place of Publication, year of publication.
Legal Materials and Government Documents
Legal materials and other government documents should be cited using footnotes, endnotes, and/or citation sentences (with clauses including the same information required in a footnote). Print copies of the sources tend to be preferred to digital, though verified digital sources are acceptable.
When writing for law journals or other legal publications, these sources are not usually required to be cited in a bibliography or on a references page. Citation sentences alone are an acceptable form of citation, so long as the document has only a few legal citations (for more information, see The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed., sections 14.269-305 and 15.58.)
Court Decisions and Cases
Notes for court cases should include case name, number, volume number, abbreviated name(s) of reporter, and, in parentheses, the abbreviated name of the court and the date. Case names written in full are typeset in roman, while in subsequent shortened citations the short form of the case name is italicized. Citations are assumed to refer to decisions as a whole unless a particular page is cited using “at” (see example 3 below). The CMOS offers the following note examples in section 14.276:
United States v. Christmas, 222 F.3d 141, 145 (4th Cir. 2000).
Profit Sharing Plan v. Mbank Dallas, N.A., 683 F. Supp. 592 (N.D. Tex. 1988).
Christmas, 222 F.3d at 145. The court also noted that under United States v. Sokolow, 490 U.S. 1, 7 (1989), police may briefly detain a person without probable cause if the officer believes criminal activity “may be afoot.” Christmas, 222 F.3d at 143; see also Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968).
Theses and Dissertations
Thesis and dissertation titles appear in quotation marks, not in italics, but are cited in all other ways like books. Include name, title, type of document, academic institution, and date, in that order. If the item was found online, include a URL or DOI (see guidelines for citing online sources).
N:
1. Tara Hostetler, “Bodies at War: Bacteriology and the Carrier Narratives of ‘Typhoid Mary’” (master’s thesis, Florida State University, 2007), 15-16.
B:
Hostetler, Tara. "Bodies at War: Bacteriology and the Carrier Narratives of ‘Typhoid Mary.’” Master’s thesis, Florida State University, 2007.
Letters and Unpublished Manuscripts
Letters and unpublished materials that have not been archived may be cited like other unpublished material, with information on location replaced by wording such as “private collection of Trinity Overmyer” or “in the author’s possession.” The location is not mentioned.
精彩回顾
语言教学 | 普渡大学写作教学系列Research&Citation43-Chicago Style Introduction
语言教学 | 普渡大学写作教学系列Research&Citation44-Chicago Manual of Style
语言教学 | 普渡大学写作教学系列Research&Citation47-Chicago Style-Periodicals
语言教学 | 普渡大学写作教学系列Research&Citation48-Chicago Style-Web Sources