浙大博士生和蜜橘商家的聊天记录火了
近日，一家蜜橘网店被浙江大学的学生带火了。
浙大一名博士生之前曾在此订购橘子，沟通中店主得知买橘子是为做科研，决定免费寄一箱，还说“帮不了国家大忙遇到了就出点力”。聊天记录被发出后引来同学们下单“手动点赞”，店主也提示大家理性消费。
网友：我们国家真的有最好的人民。
借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们来看看研橘子的相关研究。
无注释原文：
Substance in tangerines fights obesity and protects against heart disease, research suggests
Science Daily
May 26, 2011
New research from The University of Western Ontario has discovered a substance in tangerines not only helps to prevent obesity, but also offers protection against type 2 diabetes, and even atherosclerosis, the underlying disease responsible for most heart attacks and strokes.
Murray Huff, a vascular biology scientist at the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, along with Erin Mulvihill, a PhD student, studied the effects of a flavonoid in tangerines called Nobiletin. Their research is published in the journal Diabetes.
In a model of metabolic syndrome developed by the Huff laboratory at the Robarts Research Institute, mice were fed a "western" diet high in fats and simple sugars. One group became obese and showed all the signs associated with metabolic syndrome: elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, high blood levels of insulin and glucose, and a fatty liver. These metabolic abnormalities greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
The second group of mice, fed the exact same diet but with Nobiletin added, experienced no elevation in their levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin or glucose, and gained weight normally. Mice became much more sensitive to the effects of insulin. Nobiletin was shown to prevent the buildup of fat in the liver by stimulating the expression of genes involved in burning excess fat, and inhibiting the genes responsible for manufacturing fat.
"The Nobiletin-treated mice were basically protected from obesity," says Huff, the Director of the Vascular Biology Research Group at Robarts. "And in longer-term studies, Nobiletin also protected these animals from atherosclerosis, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke. This study really paves the way for future studies to see if this is a suitable treatment for metabolic syndrome and related conditions in people."
Huff's research has focused on the pharmacological properties of naturally-occurring bioactive molecules. Two years ago, his research drew international attention when he discovered a flavonoid in grapefruit called Naringenin offered similar protection against obesity and other signs of metabolic syndrome. Huff says "What's really interesting to us is that Nobiletin is ten times more potent in its protective effects compared to Naringenin, and this time, we've also shown that Nobiletin has the ability to protect against atherosclerosis."
The research was funded primarily by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, with additional grant support from the Pfizer Canada Cardiovascular Research Program.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Substance in tangerines fights obesity and protects against heart disease, research suggests
Science Daily
May 26, 2011
New research from The University of Western Ontario has discovered a substance in tangerines not only helps to prevent obesity, but also offers protection against type 2 diabetes, and even atherosclerosis, the underlying disease responsible for most heart attacks and strokes.
西安大略大学（The University of Western Ontario）的新研究发现，橘子中的一种物质不仅有助于预防肥胖，而且还能预防2型糖尿病，甚至还能防止动脉粥样硬化，这是导致大多数心脏病发作和中风的潜在疾病。
tangerine
tangerine /ˌtændʒəˈriːn/ 表示“橘，蜜橘”，英文解释为“a type of small sweet orange with loose skin that comes off easily”。
obesity
obesity /oʊˈbiːsəti/ 表示“肥胖”，英文解释为“the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health”。
diabetes
diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs, -tiːz/ 表示“糖尿病；多尿症”，英文解释为“a medical condition caused by a lack of insulin , which makes the patient produce a lot of urine and feel very thirsty”。
atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis /ˌæθərəʊsklɪəˈrəʊsɪs/ 表示“动脉粥样硬化”，英文解释为“a degenerative disease of the arteries characterized by patchy thickening of the inner lining of the arterial walls, caused by deposits of fatty material; a form of arteriosclerosis”。
stroke
表示“中风”，英文解释为“a sudden change in the blood supply to a part of the brain, sometimes causing a loss of the ability to move particular parts of the body”
Murray Huff, a vascular biology scientist at the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, along with Erin Mulvihill, a PhD student, studied the effects of a flavonoid in tangerines called Nobiletin. Their research is published in the journal Diabetes.
舒立克医学与牙科学院的血管生物学科学家默里·赫夫（Murray Huff）与博士生艾琳·马尔维希尔（Erin Mulvihill）一起研究了橘子中一种名为川陈皮素（Nobiletin）的黄酮类化合物的作用。他们的研究发表在《糖尿病》（Diabetes）杂志上。
vascular
vascular /ˈvæskjʊlə/ 表示“血管的；维管的”，英文解释为“Vascular is used to describe the channels and veins through which fluids pass in the bodies of animals and plants.”
flavonoid
flavonoid /ˈfleɪvəˌnɔɪd/ 表示“黄酮类”，英文解释为“any of a group of organic compounds that occur as pigments in fruit and flowers”
In a model of metabolic syndrome developed by the Huff laboratory at the Robarts Research Institute, mice were fed a "western" diet high in fats and simple sugars. One group became obese and showed all the signs associated with metabolic syndrome: elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, high blood levels of insulin and glucose, and a fatty liver. These metabolic abnormalities greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
在罗巴茨研究所的赫夫实验室开发的代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome）模型中，小鼠被喂食高脂肪和单糖的“西方”饮食。其中一组变得肥胖，并显示出与代谢综合征有关的所有迹象：胆固醇和甘油三酯（triglyceride）升高，血液中的胰岛素和葡萄糖水平高，以及脂肪肝。这些代谢异常大大增加了心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的风险。
metabolic
metabolic /ˌmɛtəˈbɒlɪk/ 表示“新陈代谢的”，英文解释为“Metabolic means relating to a person's or animal's metabolism.”举个🌰：
People who have inherited a low metabolic rate will gain weight.
因遗传而新陈代谢速度慢的人会发胖。
syndrome
syndrome /ˈsɪndrəʊm/ 表示“综合征，征群，综合症状”，英文解释为“a combination of medical problems that shows the existence of a particular disease or mental condition”
cholesterol
cholesterol /kə'lɛstərɔl/ 表示“胆固醇”，英文解释为“Cholesterol is a substance that exists in the fat, tissues, and blood of all animals. Too much cholesterol in a person's blood can cause heart disease.”如：a dangerously high cholesterol level. 危险的高胆固醇水平。
triglyceride
triglyceride /traɪˈɡlɪsəˌraɪd/ 表示“甘油三酯”，英文解释为“a type of fat found in the blood that is formed from glycerol (= a thick, sweet, colourless liquid) and three fatty acid groups (= one of a particular group of acids containing carbon, which are an important part of our diet)”
insulin
insulin /ˈɪnsjəlɪn/表示“胰岛素”，英文解释为“a chemical substance produced in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood (by influencing the rate at which it is removed); a similar artificial substance given to people whose bodies do not produce enough naturally”
glucose
glucose /ˈɡluːkəʊz/ 表示“葡萄糖”，英文解释为“Glucose is a type of sugar that gives you energy.”
cardiovascular
cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdɪəʊˈvæskjʊlə/ 表示“心血管的”，英文解释为“Cardiovascular means relating to the heart and blood vessels.”举个🌰：
Smoking places you at serious risk of cardiovascular and respiratory disease.
吸烟会严重增加罹患心血管和呼吸道疾病的风险。
The second group of mice, fed the exact same diet but with Nobiletin added, experienced no elevation in their levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin or glucose, and gained weight normally. Mice became much more sensitive to the effects of insulin. Nobiletin was shown to prevent the buildup of fat in the liver by stimulating the expression of genes involved in burning excess fat, and inhibiting the genes responsible for manufacturing fat.
第二组小鼠，喂食完全相同的饮食，但添加了川陈皮素（Nobiletin），它们的胆固醇、甘油三酯、胰岛素或葡萄糖水平没有升高，而且体重正常增加。小鼠对胰岛素的作用变得更加敏感。研究表明，川陈皮素（Nobiletin）通过刺激参与燃烧多余脂肪的基因的表达，以及抑制负责制造脂肪的基因，来防止脂肪在肝脏中的堆积。
stimulate
表示“刺激，使兴奋；使感兴趣”，英文解释为“to make someone excited and interested about something”举个🌰：
The show was intended to stimulate and amuse.
这部电影的主要目的是助兴和娱乐。
"The Nobiletin-treated mice were basically protected from obesity," says Huff, the Director of the Vascular Biology Research Group at Robarts. "And in longer-term studies, Nobiletin also protected these animals from atherosclerosis, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke. This study really paves the way for future studies to see if this is a suitable treatment for metabolic syndrome and related conditions in people."
“饮食中添加了川陈皮素（Nobiletin）的小鼠基本上不会出现肥胖症，”罗巴茨研究所血管生物学研究小组主任赫夫说，“在长期的研究中，川陈皮素（Nobiletin）还保护这些动物免受动脉粥样硬化的影响，这可能导致心脏病发作或中风。这项研究确实为未来的研究铺平了道路，看看这是否适合治疗人们的代谢综合征和相关疾病。”
pave the way
表示“（为…）铺平道路，（为…）创造条件”，英文解释为“If something paves the way for/to something else, it makes the other thing possible.”举个🌰：
Scientists hope that data from the probe will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars.
科学家们希望探测飞船发回的数据会为更深入地探索火星提供条件。
condition
熟词僻义，除了表示“情况，状况”，condition本身可以表示“疾病”，英文解释为“any of different types of diseases”如：to suffer from a heart/skin condition 患有心脏/皮肤病。
📍out of condition 可以表示“身体状况不佳，不在状态”（not healthy enough for hard physical exercise, as a result of not taking part in sport or other physical activities）。
Huff's research has focused on the pharmacological properties of naturally-occurring bioactive molecules. Two years ago, his research drew international attention when he discovered a flavonoid in grapefruit called Naringenin offered similar protection against obesity and other signs of metabolic syndrome. Huff says "What's really interesting to us is that Nobiletin is ten times more potent in its protective effects compared to Naringenin, and this time, we've also shown that Nobiletin has the ability to protect against atherosclerosis."
赫夫的研究集中在天然存在的生物活性分子的药理特性上。两年前，他的研究引起了国际关注，因为他发现葡萄柚中一种名为柚皮素（Naringenin）的黄酮类化合物，能够提供类似的保护，预防肥胖及其他代谢综合征的症状。赫夫说：“对我们来说，真正有趣的是，与柚皮素（Naringenin）相比，川陈皮素（Nobiletin）的保护作用要强十倍，这次，我们还证明了川陈皮素（Nobiletin）能够预防动脉粥样硬化。”
pharmacological
pharmacological /ˌfɑːrməkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/ 表示“用药物治疗的”，英文解释为“relating to treatment that uses drugs”
molecular
molecular /məʊˈlɛkjʊlə/ 表示“分子的”，英文解释为“Molecular means relating to or involving molecules.”，如：the molecular structure of fuel 燃料的分子结构。
potent
potent /ˈpəʊtənt/ 表示“强有力的，强大的；有效力的”，英文解释为“very powerful, forceful, or effective”举个🌰：
This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects.
该药效力很强，副作用也不小。
The research was funded primarily by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, with additional grant support from the Pfizer Canada Cardiovascular Research Program.
这项研究主要由安大略省心脏和中风基金会资助，另外还有辉瑞加拿大心血管研究项目的资助。
grant
表示“拨款；补助金”，英文解释为“A grant is an amount of money that a government or other institution gives to an individual or to an organization for a particular purpose such as education or home improvements.”举个🌰：
They'd got a special grant to encourage research. 他们已得到了一笔用来支持研究的特别补助金。
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