「Part 11」2021政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

LearnAndRecord 2022-07-26

收录于合集 #政府工作报告笔记 53个

本笔记由「才思汇·啃报告小分队」出品，特别感谢小伙伴@好脾气 和@淡若水or甘若醴 的付出。

用改革办法推动降低企业生产经营成本。

We will work to reduce enterprises production and operating costs through reform.

注：

企业生产经营成本

enterprises production and operating costs

推进能源、交通、电信等基础性行业改革，提高服务效率，降低收费水平。

We will advance the reform of basic sectors like energy, transportation and telecommunications to provide more efficient services and reduce charges.

注：

基础性行业

basic sectors

能源、交通、电信

energy, transportation and telecommunications

提高服务效率

provide more efficient services

📍此处直接用形容词efficient来表达，简洁明了。

允许所有制造业企业参与电力市场化交易，

All manufacturing enterprises will be allowed to engage in market-based electricity transactions.

注：

电力市场化交易

market-based electricity transactions

📍电力市场化是指对电力行业放松管制，使电力工业产权私有化，引入竞争，建立竞争。

进一步清理用电不合理加价，

Further steps will be taken to cut unjustified surcharges on electricity use;

注：

用电不合理加价

unjustified surcharges on electricity use

加价

surcharge

用电

electricity use

继续推动降低一般工商业电价。

electricity rates for general industrial and commercial businesses will be further reduced.

注：

电价

electricity rates

一般工商业

general industrial and commercial businesses

📍rate其实也可以表示“价格；费用”（a fixed amount of money that is charged or paid for sth）。

📍运用被动形式，与中文思维有所差异，应当注意。

中小企业宽带和专线平均资费再降10%。

Average rates for broadband and dedicated internet access services for small and medium enterprises will be lowered by another 10 percent.

注：

平均资费

average rates

专线-->专用互联网访问服务

dedicated internet access services

中小企业

small and medium enterprises

降10％

be lowered by another 10 percent

📍A使得B增加或减少多少百分点→A Increase/decrease/low B by +百分数

📍专线：运营商为集团客户提供各种速率的专用链路，直接连接主干网络，实现方便快捷的高速互联网上网服务。

全面推广高速公路差异化收费，坚决整治妨碍货车通行的道路限高限宽设施和检查卡点。

We will introduce differentiated pricing for expressway tolls nationwide and take firm measures to rectify irregular height and width limits and checkpoints that affect freight traffic.

注：

推广

introduce

差异化收费

differentiated prices/charges

高速公路通行费

expressway tolls

坚决整治

take firm measures to rectify

货运（交通）

freight traffic

📍differentiate /ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt/ 作动词，表示“区分；表明 … 间的差别；构成 … 间差别的特征”（to be the particular thing that shows that things or people are not the same）举个🌰：

The male's yellow beak differentiates it from the female.

雄鸟黄色的喙是与雌鸟相区别的主要特征。

📍rectify表示“矫正；纠正；改正”（to put right sth that is wrong）如：to rectify a fault 改正缺点。

「类似表述对比」

2018年报告：差别化准备金、差异化信贷等政策 differentiated reserve ratio and credit policies

取消港口建设费，

The port development fee will be abolished.

注：

港口建设费

the port development fee

将民航发展基金航空公司征收标准降低20%。

Airlines' contributions to the civil aviation development fund will be cut by 20 percent.

注：

民航发展基金

the civil aviation development fund

民航

civil aviation

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：减免民航发展基金、港口建设费，and reducing or cancelling civil aviation development fund contributions and port development fees.

鼓励受疫情影响较大的地方对承租国有房屋的服务业小微企业和个体工商户减免租金。

Governments in localities that were hit hard by Covid-19 will be encouraged to lower or waive rentals on state-owned property for micro and small businesses in the service sector and for self-employed individuals.

注：

受疫情影响较大的地方

localities that were hit hard by Covid-19

国有房屋

state-owned property

个体工商户

self-employed individuals

小微企业

micro and small businesses

服务业

the service sector

减免租金

lower or waive rentals

📍locality /ləʊˈkæləti; loʊˈkæləti/表示“（围绕所处或提及的）地区”（the area that surrounds the place you are in or are talking about）

📍 waive /weɪv/表示“放弃（权利、要求等）；免除，搁置（钱）”（to choose not to demand sth in a particular case, even though you have a legal or official right to do so）(From: LearnAndRecord)

推动各类中介机构公开服务条件、流程、时限和收费标准。

Various intermediary agencies will be urged to make public their terms of service, procedures, timeframes, and charges.

注：

中介机构

intermediary agencies

服务条件

流程

procedures

时限

timeframes

要严控非税收入不合理增长，

Unjustified growth in non-tax government revenue will be strictly checked,

注：

不合理（不公正的；无正当理由的）增长

unjustified growth

非税收入

non-tax government revenue

严厉整治乱收费、乱罚款、乱摊派，

tough steps will be taken to end arbitrary charges, fines, and quotas,

注：

乱收费、乱罚款、乱摊派

arbitrary charges, fines, and quotas

📍摊派意思是按比例分配，由众人或各方面分担。

📍quota /ˈkwəʊtə/ 表示“配额，限额”（A quota is a fixed maximum or minimum proportion of people from a particular group who are allowed to do something, such as come and live in a country or work for the government.）

📍charge、fine、quota辨析

charge→注重指控，控告性质，收费

fine→注重罚款，如：违章停车罚款等

quota→（正式限定的）定量, 定额, 配额

不得扰民渔利，

and no action that seeks to make gains at the expense of our people and businesses will be tolerated.

注：

扰民渔利

make gains at the expense of our people and businesses

📍渔利意思是不正当地谋取利益。

让市场主体安心经营、轻装前行。

All these efforts will lighten the burden on market entities and enable them to focus on doing business free from undue concern.

注：

安心经营

focus on doing business free from undue concern

轻装前行-->减轻压力

lighten the burden

市场主体

market entities

📍undue /ˌʌnˈdjuː; ˌʌnˈduː/ 表示“不适当的；过分的；过度的”（more than you think is reasonable or necessary）举个🌰：

They are taking undue advantage of the situation.

他们过分利用了这种情势。

促进多种所有制经济共同发展。

We will promote the common development of enterprises under diverse forms of ownership.

注：

多种所有制

diverse forms of ownership

坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度。

We will continue to practice and improve the basic socialist economic system.

注：

坚持和完善

practice and improve

社会主义基本经济制度

the basic socialist economic system

毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。

We will work unswervingly to both consolidate and develop the public sector and encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector.

注：

毫不动摇地（坚定不移地）

unswervingly

巩固和发展

consolidate and develop

鼓励、支持、引导

encourage, support, and guide

公有制经济

the public sector

非公有制经济

the non-public sector

各类市场主体都是国家现代化的建设者，要一视同仁、平等对待。

All market entities, regardless of their type, are participants in China's modernization endeavors, and each and every one of them must be treated as equals.

注：

中国现代化建设者

participants in China's modernization endeavors

一视同仁、平等对待

each and every one of them must be treated as equals

深入实施国企改革三年行动，

We will continue to implement the three-year action plan for SOE reform,

注：

国企改革

SOE reform

做强做优做大国有资本和国有企业。

and work to strengthen, expand, and increase the returns on state capital and enhance the strength, quality, and size of SOEs.

注：

国有资本

state capital

国有企业

state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

做强做优做大国有企业

enhance the strength, quality, and size of SOEs

深化国有企业混合所有制改革。

We will also push ahead with mixed-ownership reform in SOEs.

注：

混合所有制改革

mixed-ownership reform

构建亲清政商关系，

We will build a cordial and clean relationship between government and business,

注：

亲清政商关系

a cordial and clean relationship between government and business

📍 cordial /ˈkɔːdɪəl/ 表示“热诚的；友好的”（friendly but quite polite and formal）举个🌰：

He had never known him to be so chatty and cordial.

他以前从来不知道他是这样一个健谈而友善的人。

📍 对党委政府而言，所谓“亲”，就是要坦荡真诚同民营企业接触交往，特别是在民营企业遇到困难和问题情况下更要积极作为、靠前服务，对企业主多关注、多谈心、多引导，帮助解决实际困难。所谓“清”，就是同企业家的关系要清白、纯洁，不能有贪心私心，不能以权谋私，不能搞权钱交易。

「类似表述对比」

2020年报告：构建亲清政商关系，foster a cordial and clean relationship between government and business

2019年报告：构建亲清新型政商关系，We will foster a new type of cordial and clean relationship between government and business,

2018年报告：构建亲清新型政商关系，We will build a new type of cordial and clean relationship between government and business,

破除制约民营企业发展的各种壁垒。

remove barriers to the development of private businesses,

注：

破除（制约） ... 壁垒

remove barriers to ...

民营企业

private businesses

弘扬企业家精神。

and promote an entrepreneurial spirit.

注：

弘扬企业家精神

promote an entrepreneurial spirit

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告：激发企业家精神，促进民营经济发展升级。inspire entrepreneurial spirit, and promote development and upgrading in the private sector.

国家支持平台企业创新发展、增强国际竞争力，同时要依法规范发展。

The state supports platform enterprises in pursuing innovative development and enhancing international competitiveness, while ensuring that their business operations are well-regulated in accordance with the law.

注：

平台企业

platform enterprises

增强国际竞争力

enhance international competitiveness

规范

be well-regulated

依法发展

in accordance with the law

📍well-regulated表示“（生意、军事配备、日常事务等）秩序井然的”（controlled or supervised to conform to rules, regulations, tradition, etc）

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告Part 10：支持和规范发展新就业形态， We will support the development of new forms of employment and keep such employment well-regulated,

2020年报告：支持和规范民办教育，upport private schools and keep them well-regulated,

2019年报告：清理规范行政处罚事项，overhaul government penalties and punitive measures,

强化反垄断和防止资本无序扩张，

We will step up efforts against business monopolies and guard against unregulated expansion of capital,

注：

垄断

business monopolies

资本无序扩张

unregulated expansion of capital

📍guard against表示“防止，防范”，举个🌰：

They were on high alert to guard against any retaliation.

他们保持高度警惕，以防发生任何报复行为。

坚决维护公平竞争市场环境。

and ensure fair market competition.

深化财税金融体制改革。

We will deepen reforms of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems.

注：

财税金融体制

the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems

强化预算约束和绩效管理，

We will strengthen budget constraints and performance management,

注：

预算约束

budget constraints

绩效管理

performance management

加大预算公开力度，

and promote greater budget transparency.

注：

预算公开-->预算透明

budget transparency

精简享受税费优惠政策的办理流程和手续。

Procedures for accessing preferential tax and fee policies will be streamlined.

注：

享受税费优惠政策

access preferential tax and fee policies

📍preferential表示“优先的；优惠的；优待的”（preferential treatment, rates etc are deliberately different in order to give an advantage to particular people），举个🌰：

A day later preferential trading rules for India were cancelled.

一天后，印度的优惠贸易规则被取消。

📍streamline表示“使（系统、机构等）效率更高”（to make a system, an organization, etc. work better, especially in a way that saves money），简政放权就是：streamline administration and delegate power，举个🌰：

They're making efforts to streamline their normally cumbersome bureaucracy.

他们正努力提高其通常臃肿的官僚机构的效率。

落实中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革方案。

The reform plan for defining the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments will be implemented.

注：

中央与地方

central and local governments

财政事权

fiscal powers

支出责任

expenditure responsibilities

继续多渠道补充中小银行资本、强化公司治理，

We will continue to replenish capital and strengthen corporate governance of small and medium banks through multiple channels,

注：

多渠道

(through) multiple channels

补充资本

replenish capital

中小银行

small and mid-sized banks

强化公司治理

strengthen corporate governance

📍replenish表示“补充；重新装满”（to make sth full again by replacing what has been used）

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告Part 10：推动中小银行补充资本和完善治理，We will encourage small and mid-sized banks to replenish capital and improve governance,

2019年报告Part 11：支持商业银行多渠道补充资本 We will support large commercial banks in replenishing capital through multiple channels.

2019年报告Part 10：充实社保基金 replenish social security funds;

2018年报告：充实社保基金 replenish social security funds;

2017年报告：充实社保基金 enlarge social security funds;

2016年报告：制定划转部分国有资本充实社保基金办法 work out methods for putting a portion of state capital into social security funds.

推进政策性银行分类分账改革，

promote the reform of policy banks in carrying out category-based management for specific accounts,

注：

政策性银行

policy banks

提升保险保障和服务功能。

and strengthen the role of insurance in protecting against risks and providing services.

稳步推进注册制改革，

We will steadily advance the reform to establish a registration-based IPO system,

注：

注册制改革

the reform to establish a registration-based IPO system

📍注册制，即证券市场的证券发行注册制，是公司发行证券上市的制度，其区别于核准制。IPO：Initial Public Offerings 首次公开募股

完善常态化退市机制，

improve delisting as a normal practice,

注：

退市

delisting

常态化

a normal practice

📍delist表示“（证券、股票等）被…摘牌”，举个🌰：

The company's stock was delisted from the Nasdaq market in July 2020.

2020年7月，这家公司的股票被美国纳斯达克市场摘牌。

「类似表述对比」

2021年报告Part 8：坚持常态化防控和局部应急处置有机结合，We will maintain control measures on a continuing basis and be ready to address isolated emergencies.

2020年报告Part 3：因应疫情变化，适时推进常态化防控。In response to changing COVID-19 dynamics, we have adopted regular prevention and control measures in a timely manner.

2020年报告Part 10：在常态化疫情防控下，While continuing to implement regular COVID-19 control measures,

2020年报告Part 17：下一阶段要毫不放松常态化疫情防控，抓紧做好经济社会发展各项工作。In the next stage, we will not let up on any front of our long-term fight against COVID-19, nor will we lose any time in advancing China's economic and social development agenda.

加强债券市场建设，

and step up development of the bond market,

注：

债权市场

the bond market

更好发挥多层次资本市场作用，拓展市场主体融资渠道。

so as to better exert the role of multi-level capital markets and open up more financing channels for market entities.

注：

多层次资本市场

multi-level capital markets

融资渠道

financing channels

市场主体

market entities

发挥 ... 作用

exert the role of ...

📍exert表示“运用，施加”（to use power or influence to affect sb/sth），举个🌰：

例：He exerted all his authority to make them accept the plan.

他利用他的所有权利让他们接受这个计划。

强化金融控股公司和金融科技监管，确保金融创新在审慎监管的前提下进行。

We will strengthen regulation over financial holding companies and financial technology to ensure that financial innovations are made under prudent regulation.

注：

金融控股公司

financial holding companies

金融科技

financial technology

金融创新

financial innovation

审慎监管

prudent regulation

📍prudent表示“明智谨慎的，慎重的，审慎的”（sensible and careful, especially by trying to avoid unnecessary risks）

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告：坚持包容审慎监管，We will continue accommodative and prudential regulation,

2018年报告：实行包容审慎监管，exercised accommodative and prudential regulation,

完善金融风险处置工作机制，压实各方责任，

We will improve the mechanism for managing financial risks, see responsibilities are fulfilled by all the stakeholders,

注：

金融风险处置（工作）机制

the mechanism for managing financial risks

压实各方责任

see responsibilities are fulfilled by all yhe stakeholders

📍stakeholder表示“利益相关者，（工程、组织、体系等的）参与者”（a person or company that is involved in a particular organization, project, system, etc., especially because they have invested money in it）如：a stakeholder economy 人人参与的经济模式。

坚决守住不发生系统性风险的底线。

and ensure that no systemic risks arise.

注：

系统性风险

systemic risks

「类似表述对比」

2019年报告：我们有能力守住不发生系统性风险的底线。so we are fully capable of ensuring that no systemic risks will emerge.

2018年报告：完全能够守住不发生系统性风险的底线 We are fully capable of forestalling systemic risks.

2016年报告：坚决守住不发生系统性区域性风险的底线 and make sure that no systemic or regional financial risks arise.

金融机构要坚守服务实体经济的本分。

Financial institutions must serve the real economy as they should do.

注：