约翰·但恩诗5首
The Anniversarie
All Kings, and all their favorites,
All glory of honors, beauties, wits,
The Sun it selfe, which makes times, as they passe,
Is elder by a yeare, now, then it was
When thou and I first one another saw:
All other things, to their destruction draw,
Only our love hath no decay;
This, no to morrow hath, nor yesterday,
Running it never runs from us away,
But truly keepes his first, last, everlasting day.
Two graves must hide thine and my coarse,
If one might, death were no divorce,
Alas, as well as other Princes, wee,
(Who Prince enough in one another bee,)
Must leave at last in death, these eyes, and eares,
Oft fed with true oathes, and with sweet salt teares;
But soules where nothing dwells but love
(All other thoughts being inmates) then shall prove
This, or a love increased there above,
When bodies to their graves, soules from their graves remove.
And then wee shall be throughly blest,
But now no more, then all the rest.
Here upon earth, we'are Kings, and none but wee
Can be such Kings, nor of such subjects bee;
Who is so safe as wee? where none can doe
Treason to us, except one of us two.
True and false feares let us refraine,
Let us love nobly, and live, and adde againe
Yeares and yeares unto yeares, till we attaine
To write threescore: this is the second of our raigne.
所有别的事物，都趋向毁灭，
唯独我们的爱情不衰败；
这，没有明日，也没有昨日，
一直跑，却不曾从我们身边跑开，
而忠实保持它最初、最后、永久的日子。
两座墓必掩埋你我的遗体，
若一座即可，死不算离异。
咳，我们，一如别的王子，
（我们在彼此心中堪称王子，）
死时终必离弃眼睛，和耳朵，
其中常充满甜咸的泪水，和誓约；
但唯有爱情常住的灵魂
（别的思绪是房客）到时将验证
这一点，或当躯体移入墓穴中，
灵魂从墓穴迁出时，上空将增长爱情。
我们将获得完满的幸福，
但不比所有其他人更幸福。
在这土地上，我们是君王，仅我们
能够做如此君王，做如此臣民；
谁又比我们安全？除了彼此，
谁也不可能对我们做叛逆之事。
让我们抑制真和假的恐惧，
让我们高尚地相爱、生活，年复
一年，直到年届六十春秋
写道：这是我们在位统治的第二度。
A Valediction: of My Name in the Window
I
My name engrav'd herein,
Doth contribute my firmnesse to this glasse,
Which, ever since that charme, hath beene
As hard, as that which grav'd it, was;
Thine eye will give it price enough, to mock
The diamonds of either rock.
II
'Tis much that Glasse should bee
As all confessing, and through-shine as I,
'Tis more, that it shewes thee to thee,
And cleare reflects thee to thine eye.
But all such rules, loves magique can undoe,
Here you see mee, and I am you.
III
As no one point, nor dash,
Which are but accessaries to this name,
The showers and tempests can outwash,
So shall all times finde mee the same;
You this intirenesse better may fulfill,
Who have the patterne with you still.
IIII
Or if too hard and deepe
This learning be, for a scratch'd name to teach,
It, as a given deaths head keepe,
Lovers mortalitie to preach,
Or thinke this ragged bony name to bee
My ruinous Anatomie.
V
Then, as all my soules bee,
Emparadis'd in you, (in whom alone
I understand, and grow and see,)
The rafters of my body, bone
Being still with you, the Muscle, Sinew, and Veine,
Which tile this house, will come againe.
VI
Till my returne, repaire
And recompact my scattered body so.
As all the vertuous powers which are
Fix'd in the starres, are said to flow,
Into such characters, as graved bee
When these starres have supremacie,
VII
So since this name was cut
When love and griefe their exaltation had,
No doore 'gainst this names influence shut;
As much more loving, as more sad,
'Twill make thee; and thou shouldst, till I returne,
Since I die daily, daily mourne.
VIII
When thy inconsiderate hand
Flings ope this casement, with my trembling name,
To looke on one, whose wit or land,
New battry to thy heart may frame,
Then thinke this name alive, and that thou thus
In it offendst my Genius.
IX
And when thy melted maid,
Corrupted by thy Lover's gold, and page,0
His letter at thy pillow'hath laid,
Disputed it, and tam'd thy rage,
And thou begin'st to thaw towards him, for this,
May my name step in, and hide his.
X
And if this treason goe5
To an overt act, and that thou write againe;
In superscribing, this name flow
Into thy fancy, from the pane.
So, in forgetting thou remembrest right,
And unaware to mee shalt write. 60
XI
But glasse, and lines must bee,
No meanes our firme substantiall love to keepe;
Neere death inflicts this lethargie,
And this I murmure in my sleepe;
Impute this idle talke, to that I goe, 65
For dying men talke often so.
赠别：关于窗户上我的名字
一
我的名字刻于此，
给这块玻璃赋予了我的坚定，
自从有了这灵符，这玻璃
就像那刻划它之物一般硬；
你的目光将赋予它高价，足以
傲视任何矿产的钻石。
二
诚然，玻璃应当是
像我一样坦白磊落，又透明，
尤其，它还让你看见你，
清楚地把你反映到你眼中。
可这些规律，都难禁爱的魔力，
在此你看见我，我就是你。
三
没有一个点，或破折号——
它们仅仅是这个名字的附件——
能被阵雨和暴雨冲刷掉，
时光将发现我也不会变；
你可以更好地体现这忠贞之爱，
有榜样永远与你同在。
四
或者，如果这学问
太艰深，刻写的名字不足以传授，
那它，就如骷髅头，谆谆
告诫着恋人有死的时候，
或者就把这瘦骨嶙峋的名字
当做我朽坏的骨头架子。
五
那么，我所有的魂魄
都安居你这乐园中（只有在这里
我才会成长、观看和理解），
我躯体的屋椽——永远与你
相伴的骨头，盖屋顶的肌肉、筋腱
和血管，也将重新回返。
六
直到我回归把散碎的
躯体重新组合，完全修复。
一如所有对准星位的
美德的力量，据说都注入
这些字母中（它们被刻下之时，
正值那些星高悬天际），
七
既然这名字被刻时，
正值爱情和忧伤达到巅峰，
就无门能禁这名字的法力；
它将使你更深爱，也同等
更忧伤；既然我天天都死去，你就该
天天都哀悼，直到我回来。
八
你用手毫无顾忌
摔开这扇窗，令我的名字直发抖，
去注视别人，他有才或有地，
会组成新炮队攻你心的时候，
就想象这名字活了，你如此不慎
冒犯了其中我的守护神。
九
当你心软的丫环
受了你情人金钱和小厮的好处，
把他的情书放在了你枕畔，
并为之辩护，使你息怒，
你因此开始对他缓和起来时，
愿我的名步入，他的藏匿。
十
假如这背叛发展成5
公然的罪行，而你再次执笔
在信封上写地址时，这姓名
将从玻璃上流入你幻想里。
如是，遗忘中你才记忆得正确，
将不知不觉地写信给我。
十一
但玻璃和线条不可能
是保持我们坚实爱情的手段；
濒死加剧着这阵眩晕，
我在昏睡中如此喃喃；
把这无聊的言语归因于我要走， 65
人将死往往喋喋不休。
Twicknam Garden
Blasted with sighs, and surrounded with teares,
Hither I come to seeke the spring,
And at mine eyes, and at mine eares,
Receive such balmes, as else cure every thing;
But O, selfe traytor, I do bring
The spider love, which transubstantiates all,
And can convert Manna to gall,
And that this place may thoroughly be thought
True Paradise, I have the serpent brought.
'Twere wholsomer for mee, that winter did
Benight the glory of this place,
And that a grave frost did forbid
These trees to laugh, and mocke mee to my face;
But that I may not this disgrace
Indure, nor yet leave loving, Love let mee
Some senslesse peece of this place bee;
Make me a mandrake, so I may groane here,
Or a stone fountaine weeping out my yeare.
Hither with chirstall vyals, lovers come,
And take my teares, which are loves wine,
And try your mistresse Teares at home,
For all are false, that tast not just like mine;
Alas, hearts do not in eyes shine,
Nor can you more judge womans thoughts by teares,
Then by her shadow, what she weares.
O perverse sexe, where none is true but shee,
Who's therefore true, because her truth kills mee.
退可南园
被叹息吹蔫，又被泪水淹没，
我来到这里寻找春季，
用我的眼睛，用我的耳朵，
接受能治愈其它一切的药剂；
可是，呵，我背叛了自己，
带来蜘蛛之爱，使一切变质，
能把甘露化作毒汁；
为使此地可以完全被看作
真正的乐园，我还带来了毒蛇。
要是冬季使此处明媚变得晦暝，
严霜禁止这些树木
当面大笑，把我嘲弄，
那就会对我身心更有益处；
但是，为了可以不受这耻辱，
也不放弃爱，爱神呵，就让我做
此处某个无知觉的角落；
把我变成曼德拉，我可以在此
呻吟，或一处石泉，终年饮泣。
恋人哟，带上水晶瓶来到这里，
盛取我的泪，那爱的醇醪；
到家里尝尝你情人的眼泪，
那味道不似我的，全都是假造；
咳，心不在眼睛里闪耀，
你不能凭女人影子判断她衣饰，
也不能凭眼泪判断她心思。
乖戾的女性哟，除她外无人忠实，
她忠实，因她的忠实把我杀死。
A Valediction: of the Booke
I'll tell thee now (deare love) what thou shalt doe
To anger destiny, as she doth us,
How I shall stay, though she Esloygne me thus
And how posterity shall know it too;
How thine may out-endure
Sybills glory, and obscure
Her who from Pindar could allure,
And her, through whose helpe Lucan is not lame,
And her, whose booke (they say) Homer did finde, and name.
Study our manuscripts, those Myriades
Of letters, which have past twixt thee and mee,
Thence write our Annals, and in them will bee
To all whom loves subliming fire invades,
Rule and example found;
There, the faith of any ground
No schismatique will dare to wound,
That sees, how Love this grace to us affords,
To make, to keep, to use, to be these his Records.
This Booke, as long-liv'd as the elements,
Or as the worlds forme, this all-graved tome
In cypher writ, or new made Idiome;
Wee for loves clergie only'are instruments.
When this booke is made thus,
Should againe the ravenous
Vandals and the Goths inundate us,
Learning were safe; in this our Universe
Schooles might learne Sciences, Spheares Musick, Angels Verse.
Here Loves Divines, (since all Divinity
Is love or wonder) may finde all they seeke,
Whether abstract spirituall love they like,
Their Soules exhal'd with what they do not see,
Or, loth so to amuze
Faiths infirmitie, they chuse
Something which they may see and use;
For, though minde be the heaven, where love doth sit,
Beauty a convenient type may be to figure it.
Here more then in their bookes may Lawyers finde,
Both by what titles Mistresses are ours,
And how prerogative these states devours,
Transferr'd from Love himselfe, to womankinde,
Who though from heart, and eyes,
They exact great subsidies,
Forsake him who on them relies,
And for the cause, honour, or conscience give,
Chimeraes, vaine as they, or their prerogative.
Here Statesmen, (or of them, they which can reade,)
May of their occupation finde the grounds:
Love and their art alike it deadly wounds,
If to consider what 'tis, one proceed,
In both they doe excell0
Who the present governe well,
Whose weaknesse none doth, or dares tell;
In this thy booke, such will their nothing see,
As in the Bible some can finde out Alchimy.
Thus vent thy thoughts; abroad I'll studie thee,5
As he removes farre off, that great heights takes;
How great love is, presence best tryall makes,
But absence tryes how long this love will bee;
To take a latitude
Sun, or starres, are fitliest view'd 60
At their brightest, but to conclude
Of longitudes, what other way have wee,
But to marke when, and where the darke eclipses bee?
赠别：关于那部书
我现在告诉你（亲爱的），你应如何去
惹怒命运，如她对我们所为；
我如何滞留，虽然她把我发配；
后人将如何获知其中的缘故；
你的荣耀会如何
超过西卜拉，胜过
她——她吸引品达的听者，
和她——全靠她卢坎才避免诗病，
还有她——（据说）荷马发现了她的书，并冒名。
去研读我们的手稿，那流过你我
之间，从而记下我们的年鉴，
数以万计的字母，在其中将发现
适用于所有受爱情净化之火
在其中，任何信仰
煎熬者的戒律和榜样；
都没有外道敢于中伤，
当看到，爱神赐予我们这恩典：
制造、保存、利用、充当他这些文献。
这部书，长存有如四大元素，
或这世界的形质；这雕花的卷帙
用密码写成，或用新造的语词；
我们是爱神的祭司专用的工具。
当这书像这样编写成，
贪婪的旺达尔和哥特人
若再度洪水般吞噬我们，
学问会安全；在我们这个宇宙里，
经院教科学，星体教音乐，天使教歌诗。
在这里，爱神的祭司（既然圣神
都是爱或奇迹）可找到所求的一概，
无论他们喜好抽象的精神爱，
灵魂随看不见的东西被呼出肉身，
还是，不情愿去挑逗
信仰的不坚定，选取
可以看见和使用的事物；
因为，心即天国，其中坐着爱，
然而美可以是体现爱的一种方便形态。
在这里，律师可找到更多的律例：
既有凭什么资格可拥有情人，
又有特权如何把这权利侵吞——
那特权从爱神移交到女人手里；
她们向心和眼睛
索取大笔的补贴金，
却抛弃依赖她们的男人，
而且为此故，丢掉良心或名誉——
喀迈拉，像她们，或她们的特权一样空虚。
在这里，政客（或此类识文断字者）
可以找到他们的职业的根据：
爱与他们的艺术同样站不住；
如果进一步，考虑其实质，那么，
很好地把握现在者，0
其弱点无人敢指出者，
乃是这两行中出类拔萃者；
从你这书里，这种人会看到虚无，
犹如在“圣经”里，有人竟能发现炼金术。
倾吐思想吧；在异国我把你研读，
一如要测量大高度，就须离得远；
爱情多伟大，共处是最好的检验，
但离别却考验这爱情会持续多长久；
要把纬度测量，
太阳或星星须最亮
才观测最准确，可是要度量
经度，我们有什么别的法子？
除了标记日食的黑斑在何时、何地。
Communitie
Good wee must love, and must hate ill,
For ill is ill, and good good still,
But there are things indifferent,
Which wee may neither hate, nor love,
But one, and then another prove,
As wee shall finde our fancy bent.
If then at first wise Nature had
Made women either good or bad,
Then some wee might hate, and some chuse,
But since shee did them so create,
That we may neither love, nor hate,
Onely this rests, All, all may use.
If they were good it would be seene,
Good is as visible as greene,
And to all eyes it selfe betrayes:
If they were bad, they could not last,
Bad doth it selfe, and others wast,
So, they deserve nor blame, nor praise.
But they are ours as fruits are ours,
He that but tasts, he that devours,
And he that leaves all, doth as well:
Chang'd loves are but chang'd sorts of meat,
And when hee hath the kernell eate,
Who doth not fling away the shell?
共性
好的我们爱，坏的必憎厌，
因为坏是坏，好是好，永远，
可是，还有中性的事物，
我们既不爱，也不憎厌，
而是一个，又一个试验，
既然要找到特别的好恶。
假如当初智慧的天道
把女人造就得非坏即好，
那有的我们取，有的会厌憎，
可既然她们被造成这般，
我们就既不爱，也不憎厌，
只剩下这点：人人都可用。
如果她们好，那就会显现，
好就像绿草般显而易见，
向所有眼睛把自己背叛；
如果她们坏，就不会长在，
坏既把自己，又把别人害，
那她们不该骂，也不值得赞。
推荐阅读：