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图片灵感来源：
1、设置工作环境并加载所需R包：
rm(list=ls())#clear Global Environmentsetwd("D:/桌面/柱状图+散点+配对连线+显著性")#加载包library(ggplot2) # Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphicslibrary(ggsignif) # Significance Brackets for 'ggplot2'library(ggpubr) # 'ggplot2' Based Publication Ready Plots2、加载绘图数据（根据原文图片随机编写数据，无实际意义）：
#加载数据df <- read.table("data.txt",header = 1,check.names = F,sep = "\t")df$group1 <- factor(df$group1,levels = c("mCherry","hM3Dq","Cherry","M3Dq"))df$group2 <- factor(df$group2,levels = c("Saline","CNO"))3、绘图：
#绘图ggplot(df,aes(group2,value))+ stat_summary(fun.data = 'mean_sd', geom = "errorbar", width = 0.15,size=0.8)+ geom_bar(aes(fill=group3),color="black",stat="summary",fun=mean,position="dodge",width = 0.7)+ geom_line(aes(group=paired),color="grey30",linewidth=0.8)+ geom_point(fill="black",size=3,color="grey",shape=21)+ facet_grid(~group1,scales = 'free_x',space = "free")+ geom_signif(comparisons = list(c("Saline","CNO")), map_signif_level=T, y_position = 170, tip_length = c(c(0.05,0.05),c(0.05,0.05)), size=1, textsize = 6, test = "t.test")+ scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0,200),expand = c(0,0))+ theme_classic()+ theme(legend.position = "none", strip.background = element_blank(), strip.text = element_text(color = "black",size = 16), axis.text.x = element_text(color = "black", angle = 90,vjust = 0.5,hjust = 1,size = 15), axis.text.y = element_text(color = "black",size = 15), axis.line = element_line(size = 1), axis.ticks = element_line(color = "black",size = 1), axis.title = element_text(color = "black",size = 18), axis.ticks.length.x = unit(0.2, "cm"))+ labs(x=NULL,y="Investigation duration (s)")+ scale_fill_manual(values = c("#84bd00","#efdf00","#fe5000","#e4002b", "#da1884","#a51890","#0077c8","#008eaa"))PS: 以上内容是小编个人学习代码笔记分享，仅供参考学习，欢迎大家一起交流学习。