奥尔良诗2首赏析
奥尔良,C·法国诗人。法国文学史上通称夏尔·道雷昂,贵族出身。13岁时其父奥尔良公爵被仇人勃艮第公爵所暗杀。14岁结婚,次年,新婚夫人去世。家庭的不幸,在他诗歌中留下忧郁的阴影。1415年,这位青年贵族被迫与仇人的军队交战,被仇人的同盟者英国军队俘获。英国人把他作为人质,拘留了25年。他的一部分诗歌是在英国当俘虏期间所写。1441年,他的家族用重金将他赎回。他为人性情温和,专心致志地喜爱文艺。从英国回来后经常住在堡垒式的府邸中,不问世事,供养许多诗人文士,终日谈论诗文。他也写了许多优美的小诗,文辞清丽,音调铿锵,虽然缺乏豪壮之气,却给人以欣赏精致的艺术品的乐趣,是中世纪宫廷文学的珍品。他的作品一直只有手稿,到18世纪中叶才印刷出版。
谣曲:我的心啊,忧郁悲哀
我的心啊,忧郁悲哀,
你已沉睡得太久太长,
今天,你能不能醒来,
我们一同去收获五月,前往
那片森林,一如既往。
鸟儿的鸣唱,我们听见
在森林中回响,
这五月里的第一天。
爱神已习惯,总是在
这一天大讲排场,
它设盛宴款待
情人的心,心儿渴望
为它服务。所以它让
鲜花满树,绿野无边,
把盛宴点缀得更为漂亮,
这五月里的第一天。
我的心啊,我很明白
假蔑视使你痛苦悲伤,
因为它使你远远离开
你渴盼的那个姑娘,
所以你得寻求欢畅。
我不能给你更好的意见
以减轻你的悲哀忧伤,
这五月里的第一天。
夫人啊,只有你我念念不忘,
这折磨着我的心的哀伤
这几个月我可没有时间
(的确是真的,)跟你讲,
这五月里的第一天。
胡 小 跃 / 译
谣曲:爱的炎热常常光临
爱的炎热常常光临,
穿过我眼睛的窗,
如今我已年近七旬,
为了让我的思想之房
能在夏季保持清凉,
我将把窗关上,以免
白天的炎热入屋进房,
在我打开窗户之前。
同样,在雾雪蔽目遮睛、
风雨交加的冬天,常常
有爱情之气,带菌带病
穿窗入户,进屋进房;
我得把所有破口堵上,
免得心遭风刀霜剑;
天空将已明朗放亮,
在我打开窗户之前。
从此,我让我的心
呆在卫生安全的地方,
让我的医生,漫不经心,
这最好的医生给我导航;
如果爱情来敲门叩窗,
想接近我的心,首先
它得给我安全与保障,
在我打开窗户之前。
爱情啊,你过去曾经
平安地来敲击我的心;
现在我已把住所修建,
固若金汤,无人能进,
在我打开窗户之前。
胡 小 跃 / 译
Louis-Philippe-Joseph, duc d'Orléans
Louis-Philippe-Joseph, duc d’Orléans, also called (1752–85) duc de Chartres, byname Philippe Égalité, (born April 13, 1747, Saint-Cloud, France—died November 6, 1793, Paris), Bourbon prince who became a supporter of popular democracy during the Revolution of 1789.
The cousin of King Louis XVI (ruled 1774–92) and the son of Louis-Philippe (later duc d’Orléans), he became duc de Chartres in 1752 and succeeded to his father’s title in 1785. Orléans’s hostility to Louis XVI’s queen, Marie-Antoinette, caused him to live away from the royal court of Versailles.
During the conflicts that arose between Louis XVI and the nobles over financial policies in 1787, Orléans was temporarily exiled to his estates for challenging the king’s authority before the Parlement of Paris (one of the high courts of justice). He was elected a representative for the nobles to the States General, which convened on May 5, 1789. Orléans supported the unprivileged Third Estate (bourgeoisie) against the two privileged orders (nobles and clergy). On June 25 he and a small group of nobles joined the Third Estate, which had already (June 17) proclaimed itself a National Assembly. His Paris residence, the Palais-Royal, became a centre of popular agitation, and he was viewed as a hero by the crowd that stormed the Bastille on July 14.
On returning from a mission to England in July 1790, Orléans took a seat in the National Assembly. He was admitted to the politically radical Jacobin Club in 1791. After the fall of the monarchy in August 1792, he renounced his title of nobility and accepted the name Philippe Égalité from the Paris Commune, one of the popular Revolutionary bodies. Elected to the National Convention (the third successive Revolutionary legislature), which convened in September 1792, Égalité supported the radical democratic policies of the Montagnards against their more moderate Girondin opponents. Nevertheless, during the trial of Louis XVI by the Convention, the Girondins attempted to confuse the issues by accusing the Montagnards of conspiring to put Égalité on the throne. Égalité voted for the execution of Louis, but he fell under suspicion when his son Louis-Philippe, duc de Chartres, defected to the Austrians with the French commander Charles-François du Périer Dumouriez on April 5, 1793. Accused of being an accomplice of Dumouriez, Égalité was arrested on April 6 and was sent to the guillotine in November. The duc de Chartres reigned as King Louis-Philippe from 1830 to 1848.
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