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聂鲁达诗21首

智利 星期一诗社 2024-01-10
聂鲁达(1904-1973)智利诗人。生于帕拉尔城。27岁出版第一部诗集《黄昏》,第二年发表成名作《二十首情诗和一支绝望的歌》。这些诗作具有浪漫主义色彩,贯穿其中的是有关爱情和大自然的主题。以后,他的诗风几经嬗变。1925年的《奇男子的引力》明显受到超现实主义影响,试验成份很重。
《大地上的居所》第一卷是诗人精神危机时代的产物,语言晦涩,格调低沉,充满悲观虚无情绪。《大地上的居所》第二卷写于在西班牙任外交官期间,诗人结识了洛尔加等进步诗人、作家,作品色彩较前明快。投身于西班牙内战使他的诗风彻底转变,《西班牙在我心中》是出色的政治抒情诗。这时他已成为一个关心人类苦难的人民诗人或政治诗人。《献给斯大林格勒的情歌》、《痛苦与愤怒》等政治诗收在诗集《第三个居所》。
体现他作为一个伟大诗人的是诗集巨著《漫歌集》。这一诗集函盖了他一生的人生经验和理想,显示出诗人广阔的视野、博大的胸怀和卓越的诗歌才能。它的规模和美学深度是拉美诗坛绝无仅有的。作品热情歌颂美洲大地的瑰丽风光和人物历史,凡美洲一草一木,从水手、渔夫、矿工,到历史英雄全部融于一集。其中的《马楚·比楚》、《伐木者醒来》等章节是杰出的长诗,也是全书的精华。在这之后,诗人创作了《葡萄和风》、《元素的颂歌》、《新的元素的颂歌》、《颂歌第三集》、《遐想集》等大量诗作,都是他黄金时期的优秀作品。
他的晚年诗歌格调幽暗、思想空虚、内容宠杂。有《黑岛纪事》、《船工号子》、《孤独的玫瑰》等诗集行世。1945年,获智利国家文学奖金,1971年获诺贝尔文学奖。他从一个抒情诗人出发,吸收了先锋派、西班牙谣曲、惠特曼的自由诗体、马雅可夫斯基的政治抒情诗等各种诗歌流派的优秀诗艺技巧,创造出自己独特的声音,成为拉美和世界诗坛的一代宗师。



Sonetos de Amor XXXIII

Pablo Neruda


Amor, ahora nos vamos a la casa 

donde la enredadera sube por las escalas: 

antes que llegues tú llegó a tu dormitorio 

el verano desnudo con pies de madreselva.


Nuestros besos errantes recorrieron el mundo: 

Armenia, espesa gota de miel desenterrada, 

Ceylán, paloma verde, y el Yang Tsé separando 

con antigua paciencia los días de las noches.


Y ahora, bienamada, por el mar crepitante 

volvemos como dos aves ciegas al muro, 

al nido de la lejana primavera,


porque el amor no puede volar sin detenerse: 

al muro o a las piedras del mar van nuestras vidas, 

a nuestro territorio regresaron los besos.


Love Sonnet XXXIII

Authored by: Pablo Neruda  Translated by: Terence Clarke


Love, let us go now to the house

where the vine climbs up its trellis.

Before you get there, there will have arrived in your room

naked summer on its honeysuckle feet.


Our wandering kisses cover the world:

Armenia, thick drop of unearthed honey;

Ceylon, green dove; and the Yangtse, that separates

day from night with its ancient patience.


And now, beloved, across the sparkling sea

we return, like two blind birds to their wall,

to their nest of faraway spring,


because love cannot fly without rest.

To their own wall go our lives, to the boulders in the sea.

To their own domain return our kisses.




爱情十四行诗第三十三首


我的爱,我们一起回家!

想必绿藤已经爬上木架,

盛夏金银花香的腳步,

已悄然降临你的小屋。


點綴我們浪漫之旅:

有亚美利亚粘稠的蜂蜜,

锡兰绿色的鹦鹉,

和揚子江的川流不息。


而此时,我的爱,我们踏上归途

跨越重洋,如两只倦鸟

飞返梦中温暖的窝巢,


因为激情之余需要休憩。

让我们回到熟悉的小屋和海滨,

在二人世界里休养生息。




Sonetos de Amor LIII

Pablo Neruda


Aquí está el pan, el vino, la mesa, la morada: 

el menester del hombre, la mujer y la vida: 

a este sitio corría la paz vertiginosa, 

por esta luz ardió la común quemadura.


Honor a tus dos manos que vuelan preparando 

los blancos resultados del canto y la cocina, 

salve! la integridad de tus pies corredores, 

viva! la bailarina que baila con la escoba.


Aquellos bruscos ríos con aguas y amenazas, 

aquel atormentado pabellón de la espuma, 

aquellos incendiaron panales y arrecifes


son hoy este reposo de tu sangre en la mía, 

este cauce estrellado y azul como la noche, 

esta simplicidad sin fin de la ternura.


Love Sonnets LIII

Authored by: Pablo Neruda   Translated by: Terence Clarke


Here is bread, wine, a table, the home.

Man's needs, woman's, life's.

To this place ran the giddy peace.

Through this light burned the common flame.


Hail your two hands that fly about preparing

the plain results of the song and the stove.

God save the integrity of your hurrying feet!

Long live the dancer who dances with the broom!


Those brusque rivers of water and bother,

that tormented pavilion of foam,

those incendiary honeycombs and reefs


become today this resting place of your blood in mine,

the river plain blue and starry as the night,

this endless simplicity of tenderness.




爱情十四行诗第五十三首


家里有面包,红酒,餐桌,

男人,女人和各种生活所需。

壁炉的火光,

令室内充满宁静和安详。


你灵巧的双手在欢歌中忙碌,

烘焙各样的美食出炉。

愿上帝祝福你匆忙的脚步!

愿舞动扫帚的你尽享寿数!


昔日水流湍急,

波涛汹涌,

充满令人生畏的蜂窝,礁石之处,


而今成为我们血肉相连的安居门户。

河水平缓,如湛蓝的星夜,

充满无尽的温柔。



The Song of Despair

by Pablo Neruda

translated by W. S. Merwin 



The memory of you emerges from the night around me.

The river mingles its stubborn lament with the sea.


Deserted like the wharves at dawn.

It is the hour of departure, oh deserted one!


Cold flower heads are raining over my heart.

Oh pit of debris, fierce cave of the shipwrecked.


In you the wars and the flights accumulated.

From you the wings of the song birds rose.


You swallowed everything, like distance.

Like the sea, like time. In you everything sank!


It was the happy hour of assault and the kiss.

The hour of the spell that blazed like a lighthouse.


Pilot’s dread, fury of a blind diver,

turbulent drunkenness of love, in you everything sank!


In the childhood of mist my soul, winged and wounded.

Lost discoverer, in you everything sank!


You girdled sorrow, you clung to desire,

sadness stunned you, in you everything sank!


I made the wall of shadow draw back,

beyond desire and act, I walked on.


Oh flesh, my own flesh, woman whom I loved and lost,

I summon you in the moist hour, I raise my song to you.


Like a jar you housed the infinite tenderness,

and the infinite oblivion shattered you like a jar.


There was the black solitude of the islands,

and there, woman of love, your arms took me in.


There were thirst and hunger, and you were the fruit.

There were grief and the ruins, and you were the miracle.


Ah woman, I do not know how you could contain me

in the earth of your soul, in the cross of your arms!


How terrible and brief was my desire of you!

How difficult and drunken, how tensed and avid.


Cemetery of kisses, there is still fire in your tombs,

still the fruited boughs burn, pecked at by birds.


Oh the bitten mouth, oh the kissed limbs,

oh the hungering teeth, oh the entwined bodies.


Oh the mad coupling of hope and force

in which we merged and despaired.


And the tenderness, light as water and as flour.

And the word scarcely begun on the lips.


This was my destiny and in it was the voyage of my longing,

and in it my longing fell, in you everything sank!


Oh pit of debris, everything fell into you,

what sorrow did you not express, in what sorrow are you not drowned!


From billow to billow you still called and sang.

Standing like a sailor in the prow of a vessel.


You still flowered in songs, you still broke in currents.

Oh pit of debris, open and bitter well.


Pale blind diver, luckless slinger,

lost discoverer, in you everything sank!


It is the hour of departure, the hard cold hour

which the night fastens to all the timetables.


The rustling belt of the sea girdles the shore.

Cold stars heave up, black birds migrate.


Deserted like the wharves at dawn.

Only the tremulous shadow twists in my hands.


Oh farther than everything. Oh farther than everything.

It is the hour of departure. Oh abandoned one.




悲歌


你的记忆在我的夜里变得清晰。

河流挥之不去的悲伤注入海里。


这是离别的时分,噢,

如同清晨空旷的码头,被人遗弃!


冰冷的花苞洒落我心,

而我的心,噢,你已是破碎的深渊,惨烈的洞穴。


在你里面,有挣扎,逃避,

和振翅欲飞的心曲。


你如广阔的大海,悠远的时间和漫长的距离,

吞噬一切,深藏一切!


其中,有嬉戏和亲吻快乐的时光,

有如灯塔闪亮般心动的瞬息。


有飞行员的疲惫,盲目潜水员的愤怒,

和爱情的狂飙迷醉,而你深藏这一切!


有我纯洁懵懂,充满希望和伤害的心灵,

也有迷路的探险者,而你深藏这一切!


有你饱含的悲情,坚守的欲望,

和令你不知所措的忧伤,而你深藏这一切!


我只能逼退心里阴郁的高墙,

在思行之余,继续勇敢地迈步向前。


噢,你,我的心肝,我爱过却又失去的女人,

我在雨中呼唤你的名字,我向你高歌。


你如一个罐子,盛满了无尽的温柔,

而彻底的遗忘将你击碎。


在岛屿阴郁的孤独中,

充满爱心的女人,你张开怀抱拥抱我。


你是化解我饥渴的蜜果,

你是让我走出悲伤和颓废的奇迹。


噢,女人,我不知道你是如何

用心灵的土壤滋润我,用温柔的膀臂拥抱我!


而我对你的爱短暂而草率!

充满了艰难,糊涂,激情和狂热。


埋葬热吻的墓地,似乎余温尤存。

飞鸟啄食的果树,依然激情燃烧。


噢,那啮咬的嘴唇,噢,那吻遍的四肢,

噢,那饥渴的牙齿,噢,那纠缠的躯体。


噢,那在希望和力量疯狂的交织中

我们的融合,我们的绝望。


还有那清澈如水细腻如粉的温柔,

和无声中娓娓倾诉的衷肠。


在我的命运中,理想起航,

幻灭,所有一切都归于无有!


噢,破碎的深渊,你将一切深藏,

还有什么悲伤你没有表达,还有什么悲伤没有把你淹没?!


在巨浪狂涛中你如水手站立船头,

依然呐喊高歌。


在情歌中你依然心花怒放,在爱的潮水中你依然情伤。

噢,破碎的深渊,撕裂的苦井。


苍白盲目的潜水员,背运的弹弓手,

迷路的探险者,这一切都被你深藏!


离别的时分,冰冷无情,

是寒夜所有时间表的安排。


低吟的海浪拍打海岸,

星斗冷冷地闪烁,黑暗中的鸟儿高飞迁徙。


离别如清晨孤寂的码头,

空余手心颤抖的阴影。


噢,我们将天各一方,唉,天各一方。

分别的时分,就此离去。




Love Sonnet XXIII

Pablo Neruda


The fire for night, the rancorous moon for bread,

The jasmine smearing around its bruised secrets:

then from a terrifying love, soft white hands

poured peace into my eyes and sun into my senses.


O love, how quickly you built a sweet

firmness where the wounds had been!

You fought off the talons and claws, and now

we stand as a single life before the world.


That’s how it was, how it is, how it will be,

my wild sweet love, my dearest Matilde,

till time signals us with the day’s last flower:


then there will be no you, no me, no light,

and yet beyond the earth, beyond its shadowy dark,

the splendor of our love will be alive.




十四行诗第二十三首


篝火,弯月,

茉莉花吐露芬芳:

在令人心悸的爱中,你洁白的双手

带给我平安和太阳的温暖。


噢,爱人,你如此迅速地抚平

我受伤的心灵!

你驱走利爪,从此,

我们共赴红尘。


过去如此,现在如此,将来也会如此,

我狂野甜蜜的爱人,我亲爱的玛蒂尔达,

直到末日最后的花朵绽放:


到那时,没有你,没有我,没有光,

在大地和它黑暗的尽头,

我们的爱将会光彩夺目。




Love Sonnet XLVIII

Pablo Neruda


Two happy lovers make one bread,

a single moon drop in the grass.

Walking, they cast two shadows that flow together;

waking, they leave one sun empty in their bed. 


Of all the possible truths, they chose the day;

they held it, not with ropes but with an aroma.

They did not shred the peace; they did not shatter words;

their happiness is a transparent tower.


The air and wine accompany the lovers.

The night delights them with its joyous petals.

They have a right to all the carnations.


Two happy lovers, without an ending, with no death,

they are born, they die, many times while they live:

they have the eternal life of nature.




爱情十四行诗第四十八首


快乐的恋人如胶似漆,

如一轮皎月滚落草地。

漫步时,如影随形;

醒来后,被暖温馨。


遥想当年,他们择日喜接连理:

不靠月老牵线,全赖爱的香气,

没有撕碎山盟,更没有将海誓背弃,

灼灼生辉的,是他们的深情厚意。


常伴左右的,有酒的醇香和清新的空气。

夜间纷落的花瓣,令他们欣喜。

朵朵康乃馨都歌颂他们的爱情。


快乐的恋人,同生死

共患难,爱无绝期:

他们的爱生生不息。




Sonetos de Amor II

Pablo Neruda


Amor, cuántos caminos hasta llegar a un beso, 

qué soledad errante hasta tu compañía! 

Siguen los trenes solos rodando con la lluvia. 

En Taltal no amanece aún la primavera.


Pero tú y yo, amor mío, estamos juntos, 

juntos desde la ropa a las raíces, 

juntos de otoño, de agua, de caderas, 

hasta ser sólo tú, sólo yo juntos.


Pensar que costó tantas piedras que lleva el río, 

la desembocadura del agua de Boroa, 

pensar que separados por trenes y naciones


tú y yo teníamos que simplemente amarnos, 

con todos confundidos, con hombres y mujeres, 

con la tierra que implanta y educa los claveles.




Love Sonnet II

Authored by: Pablo Neruda

Translated by: Terence Clarke


My love, how many ways to get to a kiss,

what errant loneliness to get to you?

On go the solitary trains, where they roll with the rain.

In Taltal there's no dawn, even of spring.


But you and I, my love, are one

from top to toe,

together in autumn, in water, hips to hips, 

until just you alone, just me, together alone.


To think what it took for this Boroa river to take

so many stones to it's mouth;

to think that, separated by nations and trains,


you and I needed only to love one another,

with all the confounded ones, women and men,

with the earth that seeds and teaches these carnations.




爱情十四行诗第二首


我的爱,要走过多长的路,才能吻你?

要经历多少孤独的旅程,才能与你相聚?!

一列火车在雨中穿行,

陀陀镇,看不到春天的黄昏和黎明。


但我的爱,我们的身心

始终如一。

我们曾漫步深秋,嬉戏水中,巫山云雨,

整个世界仿佛只有我和你。


想到博卢阿河

冲积石头到河口的漫长岁月,

又想到你我之间的万水千山,


我觉得,我们只需在爱中笑看:

滚滚红尘,芸芸众生,

和其中的花开花谢,潮起潮落。




Sonetos de Amor IV

Pablo Neruda


Recordarás aquella quebrada caprichosa 

a donde los aromas palpitantes treparon, 

de cuando en cuando un pájaro vestido 

con agua y lentitud: traje de invierno.


Recordarás los dones de la tierra: 

irascible fragancia, barro de oro, 

hierbas del matorral, locas raíces, 

sortílegas espinas como espadas.


Recordarás el ramo que trajiste, 

ramo de sombra y agua con silencio, 

ramo como una piedra con espuma.


Y aquella vez fue como nunca y siempre: 

vamos allí donde no espera nada 

y hallamos todo lo que está esperando.




Love Sonnets IV

Authored by: Pablo Neruda

Translated by: Terence Clarke


You'll remember that stream of caprice,

where the palpitant aromas clung,

or now and then a bird dressed up

in leisureliness and water: winter's wear.


And also the givens of the earth:

irascible fragrance, mud of gold,

the thicket's greens and crazy roots,

and magic sword-like thorns,


and the bouquet you brought

of silence, shadow, and water,

bouquet like a foaming stone.


That moment was like never and always.

Let us go there, where nothing waits, 

and get all that's waiting.




爱情十四行诗第四首


尤忆那潺潺的小溪,

和涌动的水气。

偶有小鸟飞来,

穿着水色休闲的冬衣。


还有礼物,来自大地:

浓郁的花香,金黄的沃土,

茂密的野草,错接的盘根,

和利剑般的荆棘。


更有你带来的花束,

纯洁,素雅,娴静,

如水花在青石上溅起。


这些片段,自然,永恒。

就让我们如此把握,这多彩,

等待我们去开启的生活。




Sonetos de Amor VI

Pablo Neruda


En los bosques, perdido, corté una rama oscura 

y a los labios, sediento, levanté su susurro: 

era tal vez la voz de la lluvia llorando, 

una campana rota o un corazón cortado.


Algo que desde tan lejos me parecía 

oculto gravemente, cubierto por la tierra, 

un grito ensordecido por inmensos otoños, 

por la entreabierta y húmeda tiniebla de las hojas.


Pero allí, despertando de los sueños del bosque, 

la rama de avellano cantó bajo mi boca 

y su errabundo olor trepó por mi criterio


como si me buscaran de pronto las raíces 

que abandoné, la tierra perdida con mi infancia, 

y me detuve herido por el aroma errante.




Love Sonnet VI

By:Pablo Neruda

Translated by: Terence Clarke


Lost in the woods, I cut down a dark branch

and lifted its whisper to my thirsting lips:

it was, perhaps, the voice of the weeping rain,

a broken bell, a torn heart.


Something that, so far off, seemed to me

gravely secretive, covered over with earth,

a cry deafened by immense autumns

or the half-opened, dampened darkness of the leaves.


But there, waking from the forest's dreams,

the sprig of hazel sang beneath my mouth,

and its wandering essence drifted through my thoughts


as though quickly the abandoned roots 

sought me out, the earth I lost in infancy,

and I stopped, wounded by the errant scent.




爱情十四行诗第六首


迷失在森林之中,我折下一根深色的树枝,

将低语的它放入干渴的嘴里:

我依稀听到阴雨的哭泣,

残破的钟声,和心碎的呼号。


它们遥远,

深沉,被大地所掩盖,

仿佛是辽阔的秋天

和凋零阴湿的黄叶所湮没的呼喊。


而此刻,嘴里的榛枝从森林的梦中醒来,

在舌下开始它的欢歌,

蔓延的香气使我思绪万千:


儿时被遗忘的情景和童年逝去的国度

都一一浮现,

余香令呆立的我,乡愁萬千。




Your laughter

Authored by: Pablo Neruda

Translated by: Donald Walsh


Take bread away from me, if you wish,

take air away, but

do not take from me your laughter.


Do not take away the rose,

the lance flower that you pluck,

the water that suddenly

bursts forth in joy,

the sudden wave

of silver born in you.


My struggle is harsh and I come back

with eyes tired

at times from having seen

the unchanging earth,

but when your laughter enters

it rises to the sky seeking me

and it opens for me all

the doors of life.


My love, in the darkest

hour your laughter

opens, and if suddenly

you see my blood staining

the stones of the street,

laugh, because your laughter

will be for my hands

like a fresh sword.


Next to the sea in the autumn,

your laughter must raise

its foamy cascade,

and in the spring, love,

I want your laughter like

the flower I was waiting for,

the blue flower, the rose

of my echoing country.


Laugh at the night,

at the day, at the moon,

laugh at the twisted

streets of the island,

laugh at this clumsy

boy who loves you,

but when I open

my eyes and close them,

when my steps go,

when my steps return,

deny me bread, air,

light, spring,

but never your laughter

for I would die.




你的欢笑


我可以失去面包,

甚至空气,可是,

我不能失去你的欢笑。


也不能失去

你采摘的玫瑰和枪头花,

还有小溪般奔涌的

激情,

和你银色浪花般的

风韵。


我常常痛苦挣扎,

呆滞的目光

停留在

死寂的大地。

而你的欢笑,

使我神采飞扬,

也为我开启,

生命所有的奥秘。


我的爱,你的欢笑

使我在黑暗中瞥见光明。

如果你无意中

看到街石上

我抛洒的热血,

继续欢笑吧,

因为它

使我双手如剑高举。


在秋日的海滨,

你的欢笑

使千堆雪卷起。

在温暖的春日,

你的欢笑

如我期盼的鲜花--

蓝色的小花,鲜红的玫瑰 --

开满春意盎然的大地。


欢笑吧,无论是黑夜,

白昼,还是月明;

也许岛上的小路

崎岖,

爱你的男人

不解风情,

但当我眠

我醒,

我出,

我入,

面包,空气,春天和光明

尽可失去,

唯独你的欢笑,不能失去。

因为它是我的生命!




Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada

Poema 10

Pablo Neruda


Hemos perdido aún este crepúsculo.

Nadie nos vio esta tarde con las manos unidas

mientras la noche azul caía sobre el mundo.


He visto desde mi ventana

la fiesta del poniente en los cerros lejanos.


A veces como una moneda

se encendía un pedazo de sol entre mis manos.


Yo te recordaba con el alma apretada

de esa tristeza que tú me conoces.


Entonces, dónde estabas?

Entre qué genes?

Diciendo qué palabras?

Por qué se me vendrá todo el amor de golpe

cuando me siento triste, y te siento lejana?


Cayó el libro que siempre se toma en el crepúsculo,

y como un perro herido rodó a mis pies mi capa.


Siempre, siempre te alejas en las tardes

hacia donde el crepúsculo corre borrando estatuas.




Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair

Poem #10

By: Pablo Neruda

Translated by W.S. Merwin


We have lost even this twilight.

No one saw us this evening hand in hand

while the blue night dropped on the world.


I have seen from my window

the fiesta of sunset in the distant mountain tops.


Sometimes a piece of sun

burned like a coin between my hands.


I remembered you with my sould clenched

in that sadness of mine that you know.


Where were you then?

Who else was there?

Saying what?

Why will the whole of love come on me suddenly

when I am sad and feel you are far away?


The book feel that is always turned to at twilight

and my cape rolled like a hurt dog at my feet.


Always, always you recede through the evenings

towards where the twilight goes erasing statues.




二十首情诗和一首悲歌第十首


又一个黄昏即将逝去。

我们仍未相聚,

而湛蓝的夜空笼罩着大地。


我曾极目寒窗,

独对日落西山的绚丽。


也曾让阳光

灼烧我的肢体。


我思念你,悱恻,

忧伤,一如你所知悉。


你在哪里?

跟谁在一起?

有何言语?

为何在你远离和我忧伤之际

突如其来的思念让我无法喘息?


黄昏,心爱的书籍散落于地,

风衣如丧家之犬,零乱堆放足底。


总是如此,你的影子,

到夜半才消失于黑暗的天际。




Love Sonnets XLV

By: Pablo Neruda


Don't go far off, not even for a day, because --

because -- I don't know how to say it: a day is long

and I will be waiting for you, as in an empty station

when the trains are parked off somewhere else, asleep.


Don't leave me, even for an hour, because

then the little drops of anguish will all run together,

the smoke that roams looking for a home will drift

into me, choking my lost heart.


Oh, may your silhouette never dissolve on the beach;

may your eyelids never flutter into the empty distance.

Don't leave me for a second, my dearest,


because in that moment you'll have gone so far

I'll wander mazily over all the earth, asking,

Will you come back? Will you leave me here, dying?




爱情十四行诗第四十五首


不要远行,哪怕只是一天,因为—

因为—我已经语无伦次:我等你

度日如年,如空旷的小站

因列车沉睡别处而翘首期盼。


不要离开我,哪怕只是一个时辰,

因为分别令我万剑穿心。

我如寻找归宿的流云,

在失魂落魄中漫行。


噢,愿你海边的身影永不消失;

愿你善睐的明眸常伴左右;

我每时每刻需要你,我的至亲,


因为从你动身的那一刻起,

我就在迷惘中流浪,问自己,

你是否会回来?你是否会将我撇弃,令我孤独地死去?




Love Sonnets LXXIV

Pablo Neruda


Wet with the waters of August, the road

shines as if cut through the full moon,

the full light of an apple,

through the middle of the autumn’s fruit

 

Fog, space or sky, the vague net of the day

swells with cold dreams, noises, fish,

the mist of the islands fights against the land,

the ocean trembles over the light of Chile.

 

Everything is concentrated like a metal, leaves

hide, the winter conceals its lineage.

and we are the only blind ones, endlessly, alone.

 

Alone and tied only to the secret causeway

of motion, good-byes, travel, roads:

farewell, and the tears of nature fall.




爱情十四行诗第七十四首


八月湿透的路面

光亮如皎月,

如仲秋切开后

肥美的苹果。


雾气,大地,天空,模糊的渔网,

交织着寒梦,鱼,喧嚷,

烟雾缭绕的岛屿,

和智利阳光下澎湃的大海。


万物如金属般凝重,

萧萧的落叶,在冬日里无影无踪,

而我们依旧盲目,执着,厮守。


厮守于冥冥天定的

相聚,别离,旅途,远游 

和离别的泪流。




Love Sonnets XCII

Pablo Neruda


My love, if I die and you don't--,

My love, if you die and I don’t --,

let's not give grief an even greater field.

No expanse is greater than where we live.


Dust in the wheat, sand in the deserts,

time, wandering water, the vague wind

swept us like sailing seeds.

We might not have found one another in time.


This meadow where we find ourselves,

O little infinity! we give it back.

But Love, this love has not ended:


just as it never had a birth, it has

no death: it is like a long river,

only changing lands, and changing lips.




爱情十四行诗第九十二首


我的爱,无论是我先于你死--,

还是你先于我死--,

我们不必过度悲伤。

因为共处的时光令人永生难忘。


麦田的尘土,大漠的沙粒,

时间,流水,微风,

令我们如浮萍般飘流,

而缘分使我们邂逅。


我们偶遇的草地,

噢,弥足珍贵!但可以放弃,

然而爱无绝期:


它无生,

无死:如大河,

滋润双唇,养育大地。




Sonetos de Amor XIX

Pablo Neruda


Mientras la magna espuma de Isla Negra, 

la sal azul, el sol en las olas te mojan, 

yo miro los trabajos de la avispa 

empeñada en la miel de su universo.


Va y viene equilibrando su recto y rubio vuelo 

como si deslizara de un alambre invisible 

la elegancia del baile, la sed de su cintura, 

y los asesinatos del aguijón maligno.


De petróleo y naranja es su arco iris, 

busca como un avión entre la hierba, 

con un rumor de espiga vuela, desaparece,


mientras que tú sales del mar, desnuda, 

y regresas al mundo llena de sal y sol, 

reverberante estatua y espada de la arena.




Love Sonnet XIX

Authored by: Pablo Neruda

Translated by: Terrence Clarke


While the giant foam of Isla Negra,

the salt blue, the sun in the waves wets you,

I look upon the work of the bee

wrapped up in his universe of honey.


He comes and goes, balanced in his faithful, pale flight,

as if sliding down an invisible wire

with the elegance of the dance, thirsty in his waist

for the murders of his malignant little stinger.


Of gasoline and oranges is his rainbow,

and he searches the grasses, an airplane

flying with the suggestion of the spike, and disappears,


while you rise naked from the sea

and return to a world filled with salt and sun,

reverberant statue, sword of the sand.




爱情十四行诗第十九首


你在黑岛翻腾的浪花,

湛蓝的海水和明亮的阳光之间嬉戏,

而花间忙碌的蜜蜂

将我吸引。


它从容地飞来飞去,

在空中滑过一道无形的弧线,

优美的舞姿背后,有随时

使用腹中毒刺的冲动。


它带橘黄色条纹的身体

在草地上穿行,突然高飞,

如直冲云霄的飞机,转瞬即逝。


而此时,你的娇躯浮出海面,

回到充满阳光和大海的天地,

亭亭玉立。




Sonetos de Amor XVIII

Pablo Neruda


Por las montañas vas como viene la brisa 

o la corriente brusca que baja de la nieve 

o bien tu cabellera palpitante confirma 

los altos ornamentos del sol en la espesura.


Toda la luz del Cáucaso cae sobre tu cuerpo 

como en una pequeña vasija interminable 

en que el agua se cambia de vestido y de canto 

a cada movimiento transparente del río.


Por los montes el viejo camino de guerreros 

y abajo enfurecida brilla como una espada 

el agua entre murallas de manos minerales,


hasta que tú recibes de los bosques de pronto 

el ramo o el relámpago de unas flores azules 

y la insólita flecha de un aroma salvaje.




Love Sonnet XVIII

Authored by: Pablo Neruda

Translated by: Terence Clarke


Through the mountains you go as the breeze goes

or the quick current that flows from the snow,

just as your quivering hair confirms

the sun's high-up adornment of the darkest woods.


All the light of the Caucasus falls across your body.

Endlessly.  As in a tiny vase,

water changes clothes and sings

with each transparent move the river makes.


Through the mountains, the old military road,

and, shining furious, like a sword, in its downward fall,

the water flows between the mineraled hands of the walls


until you hurriedly receive from the forests

the sprig, the lightning-flash, of a few blue flowers,

and the unlikely arrow of their unruly smell.




爱情十四行诗第十八首


你穿行山间,

似微风和欢流的雪水,

飘动的头发,

像阳光下清幽的森林。


全高加索山的光芒,倾洒在你的身上,

光彩夺目,如同河边精巧的水瓶,

在河流的涌动中溢光流彩。


河水流过群山和古栈道,

飞泻而下,如宝剑般明亮,

穿行在色彩斑斓的岩壁之间。


当你步入森林,扑面而来的,

是树枝,些许蓝色的小花,

和它们袭人的浓香。




If You Forget Me

Pablo Neruda

 

I want you to know

one thing.

 

You know how this is:

if I look

at the crystal moon, at the red branch

of the slow autumn at my window,

if I touch

near the fire

the impalpable ash

or the wrinkled body of the log,

everything carries me to you,

as if everything that exists:

aromas, light, metals,

were little boats that sail

toward those isles of yours that wait for me.

 

Well, now,

if little by little you stop loving me

I shall stop loving you little by little.

 

If suddenly

you forget me

do not look for me,

for I shall already have forgotten you.

 

If you think it long and mad,

the wind of banners

that passes through my life,

and you decide

to leave me at the shore

of the heart where I have roots,

remember

that on that day,

at that hour,

I shall lift my arms

and my roots will set off

to seek another land.

 

But

if each day,

each hour,

you feel that you are destined for me

with implacable sweetness,

if each day a flower

climbs up to your lips to seek me,

ah my love, ah my own,

in me all that fire is repeated,

in me nothing is extinguished or forgotten,

my love feeds on your love, beloved,

and as long as you live it will be in your arms

without leaving mine.




如果你选择遗忘


我想让你知道

一件事情。


其实你也明白:

如果

我仰望明月,或者眺望窗外

秋日的红叶,

如果

我触摸篝火旁

细腻的灰烬

或者粗糙的木柴,

我会想起你;

各种真实的感觉:

香味,光亮,和金属感,

如同小船,

带我划向你翘首以盼的岛屿。


不过,

如果你渐渐疏远我

那么我也会渐渐疏远你。


如果

你突如其来地忘记我,

请不用再寻找我,

因为我应该已经忘记了你。


如果

你因我生命中的起起伏伏,

而思前想后,

最后决定离开

我心扎根的

海岸,

请记住

在那一天,

和那一刻,

我的心会连根拔起,

转身寻找

另一块土地。


然而,

如果

在每一天和每一刻

无尽的甜蜜中,

你心有所属;

如果每一天

你接受花朵的亲吻来感受我的爱抚;

噢,我的爱,我的心肝,

我也会点燃情感的烈火,

永不熄灭,永不遗忘;

我们怀抱的爱,我的宝贝,

会与日俱增,

直到你生命最后一刻。




Here I Love You

Pablo Neruda


Here I love you.

In the dark pines the wind disentangles itself.

The moon glows like phosphorous on the vagrant waters.

Days, all one kind, go chasing each other.

  

The snow unfurls in dancing figures.

A silver gull slips down from the west.

Sometimes a sail. High, high stars.   

Oh the black cross of a ship.

Alone.


Sometimes I get up early and even my soul is wet.

Far away the sea sounds and resounds.

This is a port.

Here I love you.

  

Here I love you and the horizon hides you in vain.

I love you still among these cold things.

Sometimes my kisses go on those heavy vessels

that cross the sea towards no arrival.

  

I see myself forgotten like those old anchors.

The piers sadden when the afternoon moors there.

My life grows tired, hungry to no purpose.

I love what I do not have. You are so far.

My loathing wrestles with the slow twilights.

But night comes and starts to sing to me.

  

The moon turns its clockwork dream.

The biggest stars look at me with your eyes.

And as I love you, the pines in the wind

want to sing your name with their leaves of wire.




我思念着你


我思念着你。

黑暗的松林,微风习习。

月光下,海面波光粼粼。

日子,一如往昔,慢慢逝去。

 

雪,漫天飞舞。

一只白色的海鸥自西边滑落。

偶尔,有一只帆船,高悬的星,

噢,十字桅杆的剪影,

和孤寂。


有时我早起,心情阴郁。

远处大海的涛声响起。

这是一个港口。

我思念着你。

 

我思念着你,地平线无力将你遮蔽。

我身处冰冷之地,但依然爱你。

有时,我的吻搭上沉重的航船

穿越大海,和无边的天际。

 

我被遗忘,如旧锚被抛弃。

黄昏降临,码头笼罩悲戚。

我已疲惫,再无期许。

你是如此的遥远,钟情却无法相聚。

暮色沉沉,离恨凄凄。

不经意,黑夜唱响它的序曲。

  

月亮进入梦境。

闪烁的星星,如同你的眼睛。

当我思念你,松树随风摇曳,

千万松针都在呼唤你。




And because Love battles

Pablo Neruda


And because love battles

not only in its burning agricultures

but also in the mouth of men and women,

I will finish off by taking the path away

to those who between my chest and your fragrance

want to interpose their obscure plant.


About me, nothing worse

they will tell you, my love,

than what I told you.


I lived in the prairies

before I got to know you

and I did not wait love but I was

laying in wait for and I jumped on the rose.


What more can they tell you?

I am neither good nor bad but a man,

and they will then associate the danger

of my life, which you know

and which with your passion you shared.


And good, this danger

is danger of love, of complete love

for all life,

for all lives,

and if this love brings us

the death and the prisons,

I am sure that your big eyes,

as when I kiss them,

will then close with pride,

into double pride, love,

with your pride and my pride.


But to my ears they will come before

to wear down the tour

of the sweet and hard love which binds us,

and they will say: “The one

you love,

is not a woman for you,

Why do you love her? I think

you could find one more beautiful,

more serious, more deep,

more other, you understand me, look how she’s light,

and what a head she has,

and look at how she dresses,

and etcetera and etcetera”.


And I in these lines say:

Like this I want you, love,

love, Like this I love you,

as you dress

and how your hair lifts up

and how your mouth smiles,

light as the water

of the spring upon the pure stones,

Like this I love you, beloved.


To bread I do not ask to teach me

but only not to lack during every day of life.

I don’t know anything about light, from where

it comes nor where it goes,

I only want the light to light up,

I do not ask to the night

explanations,

I wait for it and it envelops me,

And so you, bread and light

And shadow are.


You came to my life

with what you were bringing,

made

of light and bread and shadow I expected you,

and Like this I need you,

Like this I love you,

and to those who want to hear tomorrow

that which I will not tell them, let them read it here,

and let them back off today because it is early

for these arguments.


Tomorrow we will only give them

a leaf of the tree of our love, a leaf

which will fall on the earth

like if it had been made by our lips

like a kiss which falls

from our invincible heights

to show the fire and the tenderness

of a true love.




为爱争辩


为爱争辩

不仅在二人柔情蜜意中需要,

更是在别人闲言碎语时需要。

有人将荆棘强加于

我的胸膛和你香软的身体之间,

我今天就要将它连根拔起。


他们所传言的我,

我的爱人,

不会比我所告诉你的更糟糕。


在认识你之前,

我曾经居住在大草原。

那时候我从未等待爱情,

玫瑰一经出现,我便热烈地追求。


他们还能告诉你什么?

我不好也不坏,就是个男人。

他们会提到我生活中的危险

这些危险你都知道

而且你以热情与我共同分担。


不错,这个危险

是爱的危险,是穷其一生

对我们的生活

完全热爱所带来的危险。

如果它带来

死亡或者牢狱,

我确信,你迷人的眼睛

当我亲吻它们的时候,

会在陶醉中紧闭。

你我内心双份的骄傲和爱

是它们陶醉的原因。


为了瓦解

我们之间甜蜜坚定的爱,

他们会在我耳边

唠叨说:“

你爱的这个女人

与你不般配,

你为什么要爱她?

你应该找个更美丽,

更认真,更深刻,

或者更什么的女人,你明白的。

你看她多瘦弱,

多么愚昧,

多么不会着装,

等等,等等”


我要郑重地宣告:

我如此地需要你,我的爱人,

我如此地爱你,我的爱人,

无论你如何着装,

无论你如何盘卷你的头发,

无论你如何微笑,

我的爱都如同泉水

滑过白石,

我是如此地爱你,我亲爱的。


我不需要面包让我明白什么

只是希望生活每天必不缺少。

我不知道光线

从何而来要到哪里去,

但我需要它带来的光明。

我不需要

黑夜的解释,

我只等待它将我笼罩。

你,就是我的面包,光线

和黑夜。


你带着你的真实

来到我生命当中,

是我期望的

光线,面包和黑夜。

我就爱这样的你,

如果有人想听我说这些

将来我不会再说,今天就听好,

而且我要让他们退到一边

因为与他们争论还为时尚早。


将来我们会让他们瞥见

我们爱情大树的一叶。

那叶子飘落大地,

如同一个深吻

自我们不可战胜的爱情高峰

飘然落地,

它将见证挚爱

的火热和温柔。




I can write tonight

Pablo Neruda


I can write the saddest lines tonight.


Write for example: ‘The night is fractured

and they shiver, blue, those stars, in the distance’


The night wind turns in the sky and sings.

I can write the saddest lines tonight.

I loved her, sometimes she loved me too.


On nights like these I held her in my arms.

I kissed her greatly under the infinite sky.


She loved me, sometimes I loved her too.

How could I not have loved her huge, still eyes.


I can write the saddest lines tonight.

To think I don’t have her, to feel I have lost her.


Hear the vast night, vaster without her.

Lines fall on the soul like dew on the grass.


What does it matter that I couldn’t keep her.

The night is fractured and she is not with me.


That is all. Someone sings far off. Far off,

my soul is not content to have lost her.


As though to reach her, my sight looks for her.

My heart looks for her: she is not with me


The same night whitens, in the same branches.

We, from that time, we are not the same.


I don’t love her, that’s certain, but how I loved her.

My voice tried to find the breeze to reach her.


Another’s kisses on her, like my kisses.

Her voice, her bright body, infinite eyes.


I don’t love her, that’s certain, but perhaps I love her.

Love is brief: forgetting lasts so long.


Since, on these nights, I held her in my arms,

my soul is not content to have lost her.


Though this is the last pain she will make me suffer,

and these are the last lines I will write for her.




夜笔


我能写出今夜最悲情的字句。


比如“夜已破碎,

忧郁的星星在远处颤栗”


夜风在空中回旋悲鸣。

我能写出今夜最悲情的字句。

因为,我曾爱她,偶尔,她也曾爱我。


在这样的夜晚,我曾拥她入怀,

在无垠的星空下,深吻她。


她曾爱我,偶尔,我也曾爱她。

我怎能不爱她安静迷人的眼睛。


我能写出今夜最悲情的字句。

因为,我不再拥有她,我已将她失去。


我聆听夜的孤寂。她离去之后,夜越发孤寂。

字字珠玑,如同露珠洒落草地。


失去她,有何关系?

夜已破碎支离,而她已离去。


如此这般而已。歌声在远处响起。

失去她,我心悲戚。


我的目光四处搜寻,她的身影。

我的心也在寻找,因她已离去。


一样的夜晚,一样明亮的树枝,

而我们,自那时起,不似往昔。


我已不爱她,毫无疑问,但我曾如此地爱她。

透过微风,我的声音渴望传入她的耳中。


有人会亲吻她,一如我的吻。

失去的,还有她的柔声细语,洁白的身体,和深邃的眼睛。


我已不爱她,毫无疑问,但也许我还爱着她。

爱情如此短暂:遗忘却是如此的漫长。


在这样的夜晚,我曾拥她入怀,

失去她,我心悲戚。


因她,我感受这最后的伤痛,

为她,我写下这最后的字句。




Love

Pablo Neruda


Because of you, in gardens of blossoming 

Flowers I ache from the perfumes of spring. 

I have forgotten your face, I no longer 

Remember your hands; how did your lips 

Feel on mine?


Because of you, I love the white statues

Drowsing in the parks, the white statues that 

Have neither voice nor sight.


I have forgotten your voice, your happy voice; 

I have forgotten your eyes.


Like a flower to its perfume, I am bound to 

My vague memory of you. I live with pain 

That is like a wound; if you touch me, you will

Make to me an irreperable harm.


Your caresses enfold me, like climbing 

Vines on melancholy walls.


I have forgotten your love, yet I seem to 

Glimpse you in every window. 


Because of you, the heady perfumes of 

Summer pain me; because of you, I again 

Seek out the signs that precipitate desires:

Shooting stars, falling objects.





因你,在春天鲜花盛开的园子,

袭人的香气使我心痛。

我已忘却你的模样,

不再记得你的双手

和我们双唇紧贴是什么感受。


因你,我爱上公园

昏睡的汉白玉人像,

它们听不到也看不见。


我已忘却你的声音,你快乐的声音;

我已忘却你的眼睛。


如同花与花香,我沉溺于

你依稀的记忆。我在痛苦中挣扎,

如同身负重伤;你轻轻的触碰,

使我不可救药。


你曾爱抚我全身,

如同忧郁墙上的爬藤。


我已忘却你的爱,可我似乎

在每扇窗里瞥见你的影子。


因你,夏日浓郁的香气

使我痛苦。因你,我再次

寻找爱的印记:

流星,或是其他飘落的东西。




The Question

Pablo Neruda


Love, a question

has destroyed you.


I have come back to you

from thorny uncertainty.


I want you straight as

the sword or the road.


But you insist

on keeping a nook

of shadow that I do not want.


My love,

understand me,

I love all of you,

from eyes to feet, to toenails,

inside,

all the brightness, which you kept.


It is I, my love,

who knocks at your door.

It is not the ghost, it is not

the one who once stopped

at your window.

I knock down the door:

I enter your life:

I come to live in your soul:

you cannot cope with me.


You must open door to door,

you must obey me,

you must open your eyes

so that I may search in them,

you must see how I walk

with heavy steps

along all the roads

that, blind, were waiting for me.


Do not fear,

I am yours,

but

I am not the passenger or the beggar,

I am your master,

the one you were waiting for,

and now I enter

your life,

no more to leave it,

love, love, love,

but to stay. 




爱情的疑问


爱情的疑问

已经吞啮了你。


而我从不安的未知中

回到你的身边,


要得到你,

直白如长剑或者大道。


而你坚持保留

我不愿看到的

隐秘一隅。


我的爱,

你要明白,

我爱你的全部,

从头到脚,甚至到脚趾甲,

还有你的心灵

和光彩照人的气质。


是我,我的爱,

在敲你的门。

不是幽灵,也不是

曾经驻足在你窗外的

追求者。

我要推开你的门:

我要进入你的生活:

我要住在你的心中:

而你不能拒绝我。


你要打开所有的门,

你要服从我,

你要推开心灵的窗户

好叫我一探究竟,

你要明白

我如何步履艰难地跋涉

在遥未可知的征途。


不要害怕,

我是你的,

但是

我不是过客或者乞丐,

我是你的主人,

你梦中的情人,

我走进

你的生活,

不再离开,

爱,爱爱,

痴心不改!

长 风 译




英国后现代主义文学的主要艺术特征

对于英国后现代主义文学的兴起时间,批评家们并没有一致的意见。英国小说家和评论家戴维·洛奇(David Lodge)指出,从19世纪中叶到20世纪中叶,现代主义和后现代主义一直呈“钟摆”式运动,大约每十年交换一次,到了20世纪60年代,后现代主义文学成为主流。美国文论家哈桑则将现代主义巨匠乔伊斯的《芬尼根守灵夜》(1939)视为后现代主义文学的开端,认为《芬尼根守灵夜》是后现代的最好作品,是一种新的文学预兆和理论。威廉·范·奥康诺(William Van O'Connor)则将20世纪50年代兴起的所谓 “大学新才子”,即菲利普·拉金(Philip Larkin)、爱丽丝·默多克、金斯莱·艾密斯等视为英国后现代主义文学的代表。英国后现代主义文学采取了比现代主义更为极端的形式,创作手法上尊崇不确定性原则。针对英国后现代小说,戴维·洛奇总结出六个特点,即矛盾、并置、非连贯性、随意性、比喻的极度引申、虚构与事实的短路。
英国后现代主义文学与美国及欧洲其他国家的后现代主义文学并不完全一样,尽管它们都模糊了真实与虚拟的界限,打破了高雅文化与通俗文化的壁垒,都采用戏仿、拼贴、碎片等创作手法,但英国后现代主义小说始终受到现实主义的影响,没有美国或欧洲其他国家的后现代形式那么激进。正如马丁·艾米斯(Martin Amis)所说,“我可以构想这样一种小说——像阿兰·罗伯-格里耶的小说那样复杂难懂,那样超脱、精湛,而又同时具有使人联想起简·奥斯汀那种令人感到满意的流畅和情节的幽默。”英国后现代主义文学领域最为著名的作家包括贝克特、戈尔丁(William Golding)、福尔斯、多丽丝·莱辛、马丁·艾米斯、爱丽丝·默多克、穆瑞尔·斯帕克(Muriel Spark)、劳伦斯·德雷尔(Lawrence Durrell),以及20世纪50年代以约翰·韦恩(John Wain)和金斯莱·艾密斯为代表的“愤怒的青年”等,他们之中贝克特、戈尔丁、莱辛等曾获得诺贝尔文学奖,《等待戈多》、《法国中尉的女人》、《金色笔记》、《亚历山大四重奏》(The Alexandria Quartet , 1957—1960)等也已经成为后现代文学的经典之作。



俄罗斯后现代主义文学的发展过程和主要艺术特征

俄罗斯后现代主义文学在20世纪90年代初成就蔚然之势。1988年10月,在当时还是苏联加盟共和国的拉脱维亚的国立大学的一个国际研讨会上,多数参会者指出,“后现代主义是存在的,已经到了理直气壮地讨论它的时候了。”1990年,著名批评家、《旗》杂志的主编更在《文学报》上为后现代主义摇旗呐喊:“后现代主义正在全国阔步前进!”但批评界对后现代主义文学的态度并不一致。伊·伊里因赞赏后现代主义代表了“20世纪末的时代精神”,象征着文学对意识形态控制的摆脱,有助于根除俄罗斯文化发展中的极端性,将人们从绝对命令和神话思维中解脱了出来,是自由的胜利;赞赏者肯定后现代主义是唯一正确和有希望的流派。反对者则认为“后现代主义是疲惫不堪的文化游戏,是转向总体的嘲讽,是末日的情绪”。库兹涅沃夫批评“后现代主义在文学中的蔓延使得俄罗斯文学和文化土壤化为灰烬,众多作家变得一贫如洗”。索尔仁尼琴也认为“后现代主义”术语的构成就是不合理的,后现代主义则是一个“危险的反文化现象,其中没有任何鲜活的东西,里面的一切都散发着腐朽的味道”。褒也好,贬也罢,都不会妨碍如今我们在后现代主义逐渐归于沉寂之时对这一文学、文化现象进行梳理和反思。
按照较为普遍的观点,俄罗斯后现代主义文学的发展大致经历了三个阶段。第一个阶段是20世纪60年代末至70年代初的形成期。在这一阶段,俄罗斯后现代主义文学还处于“地下写作”状态,代表作品有阿勃拉姆·捷尔茨的《与普希金散步》和维尼吉克特·叶罗费耶夫的《从莫斯科到彼图什基》等。这一时期的作品的主要特征是运用新的语言手段,通过傻子或疯子的形象来解构苏维埃单一的意识形态和文化。20世纪70年代末到80年代末是俄罗斯后现代主义文学的第二个阶段,即确立阶段。在这个阶段出现了“流行艺术”、“社会艺术”及“莫斯科浪漫主义的概念主义”等后现代诗歌流派,小说领域则细分出了抒情型的后现代主义、精神分析型的后现代主义以及忧郁型的后现代主义小说。著名的诗人和小说家有普里戈夫、铁木尔·基比罗夫、叶夫盖尼·波波夫、维克多·叶罗费耶夫等。这个时期的后现代作品已经在民间广为流传,但由于官方的禁止仍然处在地下状态。第三个阶段是20世纪90年代,俄罗斯后现代主义文学在这一阶段迎来了全面的发展和繁荣。随着苏联的解体,后现代主义文学成为了俄罗斯文学领域“公开、合法”的现象。在这一时期,作家的群体不断扩大,也出现了不少具有后现代主义倾向的杂志和文学刊物。作家们开始更多地尝试各种体裁的写作,艺术探索的形式更加多样。同时,俄罗斯除了大量译介西方后现代理论家的著作,比如罗兰·巴特、让·博德里亚、米歇尔·福柯、雅克·德里达、雅克·拉康等的作品,俄罗斯批评家也逐步开始建立自己的后现代主义美学和文学理论。
作为世界后现代主义文学的一个支派,俄罗斯后现代主义文学诞生于俄罗斯特定的社会历史环境中,既具有后现代主义文学普遍的美学样态,也有着俄罗斯所独有的特质。具体来说,对统一中心和理性的瓦解以及多元的创作方式是他们所共有的美学原则,即使在同一作品中,语言、模式和方法都要多元化。俄罗斯文论家利波维茨基将俄罗斯后现代主义文学的审美特性概括为“互文性、游戏性和对话性”。如果说互文、游戏和对话等美学特质并非为俄罗斯后现代主义文学所独有,俄罗斯后现代主义文学不同于欧美西方后现代主义文学之处主要在于它的政治属性。俄罗斯后现代主义文学在很大程度上是政治化的文学,是对俄罗斯帝国问题的另类叙述,其目的是在美学上对苏维埃时期的集权主义现实进行抗争和批判,是苏联解体、后苏联到来的重要力量,是对意识形态所建构的俄罗斯帝国的文化解构实践。当代俄罗斯作家在后现代主义小说中通过夸张、怪诞、狂欢、反讽等方法对苏维埃的历史进行重写,表现出对十月革命的反思与怀疑,否认十月革命是俄国历史上的一次伟大变革,将其视为充满暴力、死亡、流血和牺牲的民族悲剧,借以批判一元意识形态和极权主义体制。但其对苏维埃国家在政治、经济、文化等方面成就的全面否定也导致了一种历史虚无主义。




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